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| BOOK OF ABSTRACTS |
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| Year : 2021 | Volume
: 18
| Issue : 4 | Page : 209-239 |
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17th annual scientific conference of the faculty of clinical sciences held on wednesday july 17, 2021
| Date of Web Publication | 09-Dec-2021 |
Correspondence Address:
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_40_21
How to cite this article:
. 17th annual scientific conference of the faculty of clinical sciences held on wednesday july 17, 2021. J Clin Sci 2021;18:209-39 |
| Oral Presentations | |  |
| Parental monitoring and substance use among adolescents in private secondary schools in Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/001 | | |
Dosumu Adebomi Ibitola, Odukoya Oluwakemi Ololade1
Departments of Medicine and Surgery and 1Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Dosumu Adebomi Ibitola
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/516
Introduction: Substance use is a serious threat to current and future adolescent health worldwide. Limited studies exist in sub-Saharan Africa to assess associations between parental monitoring (PM) practices and prevalence of substance use among adolescents. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between PM practices and substance use among in-school adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study employed a multistage sampling to select 455 respondents from five schools in Surulere local government area (LGA). Data were collected and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and ANOVA test were used to test for associations and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Respondents had nearly equal distribution of males (49.4%) and females (50.4%). Majority (70%) of them had high levels of PM. Most reported low levels of negotiated unsupervised time (NUT) and had good levels of parental trust (PT) Higher levels of PM were seen in females. Levels of NUT were higher among males. Alcohol had the highest prevalence of 35.2%, then tobacco (7.5%), and marijuana (4.6%). Males used substances more. PM and NUT were statistically significant with all three substances (P < 0.05) while PT had no statistical significance. Conclusions: PM may be protective of adolescent substance use and should be encouraged in parenting. However, high levels of NUT provide more opportunities for experimenting with substances; hence, parents should be educated on the need to restrict the amount of unsupervised time given to their adolescents.
Keywords: Adolescents, parental monitoring, private secondary schools, substance use
| Knowledge and perceptions of prostate cancer and screening among male public secondary school teachers in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/OCG/010 | | |
O. Oluwole Esther, A. Olumuyiwa Oluwatobi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: A. Olumuyiwa Oluwatobi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/584
Introduction: Carcinoma of the prostate is the most commonly diagnosed male cancer worldwide. In Nigeria, it comprises 11%–12% of all male cancers. This study assessed knowledge and perceptions of prostate cancer and screening among male public secondary school teachers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 347 male public secondary school teachers in Education District VI, Lagos. A self-administered questionnaire was used and respondents were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Categorical variables in groups were compared using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at P < 005. Results: Respondents' mean age was 44.7 ± 7.7 years. More than half of the respondents (55.6%) had a good knowledge about prostate cancer. Majority (94.7%) had very good perceptions toward prostate cancer screening. However, only one-tenth (10.7%) of the respondents had good practices toward prostate cancer screening. The major reason for screening was on the recommendation of their doctors (50.0%). There was a statistically significant association between age of the respondents and knowledge of prostate cancer (P < 0.001). A statistically significant association was also found between respondents' knowledge and perceptions of prostate cancer (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The respondents had good knowledge, good perception, but poor screening practice toward prostate cancer. Therefore, there is need for increased awareness on benefits and importance of prostate cancer screening to reduce the morbidity and mortality from the disease through early detection.
Keywords: Lagos, male, prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen, screening practices,
| Willingness and motivations of final-year medical students in Lagos, Nigeria, toward volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/012 | | |
Adebola Afolake Adejimi, Kehinde Sharafadeen Okunade1, Olukemi Ololade Odukoya, Babatunde Adeniran Odugbemi, Aminah Oluwatamilore Taiwo2, Omolola Olayeni Adisa2, Akin Osibogun
Departments of Community Health and Primary Care, 1Obstetrics and Gynecology and 2Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adebola Afolake Adejimi
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/05/20/725
Introduction: Medical students have roles to play during a pandemic, but their involvement in these duties should be voluntary. The objective of this study was to assess the willingness and motivations of final-year medical students in Lagos, Nigeria, toward volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in their sixth (final) year of study at the two public universities in Lagos, Nigeria, using total population sampling technique. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the willingness to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 23.4 years ± 2.6 SD, and 62.6% were female. About 65.9% of the medical students were willing to volunteer. Motivational factors that include self-rated good health status (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–3.6]), self-rated competence to work as a COVID-19 volunteer (OR: 6.5 [95% CI: 3.61–11.54]), and availability of adequate protection and personal protective equipment (OR: 3.3 (95% CI: 1.74–6.33]) significantly increased the odds of willingness to volunteer after controlling for other variables. Respondents' opinions on settings where medical students can serve as volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic include case management (21.7%) and telemedicine (85.8%). Conclusion: Medical students are willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to prepare and motivate the final-year medical students by developing their skills to improve their competence and by providing adequate protection for the willing students to function as volunteers.
Keywords: COVID-19 volunteers, Lagos, medical students, Motivations, Nigeria, willingness
| Prevalence of sickle cell disease among children presenting to pediatric emergency of a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/PDT/013 | | |
Esther O. Oluwole, Titilope A. Adeyemo1, Babayemi Osinaike2, Patricia Akintan3
Departments of Community Health and Primary Care, 1Haematology And Blood Transfusion and 3Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, 2Department of Accident and Emergency, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Esther O. Oluwole
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/3781
Background: Nigeria has the highest burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) in the world with 3%–5% of the population affected. The frequency of SCD is 20 per 1000 births, resulting in about 150,000 babies being born annually with SCD. This study assessed the prevalence of SCD among children presenting to children emergency (CHER) unit in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 250 caregivers and children presenting to CHER in LUTH between September and November 2020. Precounseling was conducted for each caregiver before Hb phenotype testing was conducted on the child using HemoTypeSC rapid Test Kit. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted with level of significance at P < 0.05. Results: Most (67.2%) of the children were less than 60 months of age. Majority of the caregivers (98.0%) were aware of SCD; however, most of them (96.8%) did not know their child's Hb phenotype. The prevalence of SCD among the participants was 6.4% of which 25.0% were known SCD patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of SCD among male and female children (P > 0.05). However, a statistically significant association was found between level of education and awareness of SCD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of SCD was found among children presenting to the emergency unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Routine neonatal/early infant screening program for SCD is highly recommended.
Keywords: Awareness, children, Lagos, prevalence, sickle cell disease
| Body image perceptions and prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents in private secondary schools in Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/016 | | |
Oluwatosin M. Olawoyin, Adedoyin O. Ogunyemi, Babatunde E. Ogunnowo
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluwatosin M. Olawoyin
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/508
Introduction: Body image perceptions describe a person's thoughts, feelings, and actions toward their body. It can either be positive or negative and plays a pivotal role in an individual's overall health and productivity. In adolescents, body image is of utmost importance, as having a negative one can predispose them to mental illnesses. This study investigated the body image perceptions and prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents in secondary schools in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among 330 in-school adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years. A multistage sampling method was used, and questionnaire was semi-structured and self-administered. It was developed from the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Data were analyzed with Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 57.0%, with a higher percentage among females (52.8%). The prevalence of eating disorders was 17.0%, and 59.6% occurred among females. There was a statistically significant association between prevalence of eating disorders and family loss or trauma (P = 0.041), feelings of stress (P = 0.010) and being informed by people to lose weight (P = 0.043). Conclusion: This study revealed a high rate of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. There is need for positive body image promotion and creation of awareness of eating disorders among adolescents in secondary schools. These would be useful in reducing the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders.
Keywords: Adolescents, body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, Nigeria
| Correlates of compliance to IPC protocol among healthcare workers during COVID-19: Survey of LUTH Annex Pakoto | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/017 | | |
Alero A. Roberts, Ezekiel O. Olufela, Adewunmi A Usinoma1, Blossom A. Maduafokwa1
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 1Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adewunmi A Usinoma
Introduction: Globally, hundreds of millions of people are affected every year by healthcare-associated infections, many of which are completely avoidable. Effective IPC procedures lead to more than 30% reduction in hospital-acquired infection rates. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers, as well as evaluate the availability and access to materials for infection prevention at the facility and the level of compliance with infection prevention guidelines at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital model PHC Pakoto. Methods: This cross-sectional self-administered survey among all the healthcare workers sought to obtain data to determine knowledge of, level of, and correlates of compliance to the IPC policy. Data were analyzed with SPSS Ver 21 Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) and presented as frequency tables. Associations were tested with Chi-square test with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: Respondents were mostly female (71.6%) with a mean age of 36.8 + 6.8 years. Majority (71.6%) knew that there was an IPC policy, 67.6% knew the IPC nurse, and 54.9% knew that there was a COVID-19 triage area. Majority (85.3%) correctly indicated that suspected patients should be kept in the triage area and the Disease Surveillance Notification Officer informed. Compliance to IPC protocols was high (88.0%). IPC materials such as surgical facemasks, gloves, hand washing items such as liquid soap, disinfectants, or detergents, and running water were available between 65.7% and 89.2% of the time. Conclusion: Gaps in knowledge, availability of IPC materials, and compliance to protocols need to be addressed to reduce chances of COVID-19 transmission.
Keywords: Correlates, compliance, healthcare workers, IPC protocol
| Prevalence and risk factors of patellar tendinopathy among amateur male basketball players in Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/020 | | |
U. A. C. Okafor, O. A. Fapojuwo, H. S. Ekpe-Iko
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: O. A. Fapojuwo
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2876
Introduction: Patellar tendinopathy is a clinical diagnosis of pain and dysfunction in the patella tendon that can hinder athletic performance and other daily activities. It is a common degenerative overuse disorder typically occurring in athletes who participate in sports that involve jumping, hence the label “jumpers' knee.” Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of patellar tendinopathy in Nigerian basketball players. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of patellar tendinopathy among amateur male basketball players in Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 100 amateur male basketball players within the ages of 18–40 years, recruited from various sports centers in Lagos State. The instruments used for this research were Victoria Institute of Sports Assessment Patella and a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to find association between variables. Level of significance was set as P < 0.05. Results: There was a 40% prevalence of patellar tendinopathy. Fatigue, overwork, wrong playing technique, and inappropriate footwear were the most common risk factors for injuries. Preventive strategies were utilized by 47% of the respondents to avert or reduce the severity of injuries. Severity of patellar tendinopathy showed no significant association with perceived risk factors. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of patellar tendinopathy among amateur male basketball players. Sports medicine practitioners and the Nigeria Basketball Federation should be made aware of the high prevalence of patellar tendinopathy among basketball players and take appropriate measures to address them.
Keywords: Basketball, patellar tendinopathy, prevalence, risk factors
| Knowledge, attitude, and practice of water, sanitation, and hygiene among residents of Idi-Olowo local council developmental area | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/021 | | |
A. J. Durojaiye, T. O. Odugbemi, A. O. Abiola
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: A. J. Durojaiye
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/513
Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a public health problem in Nigeria. It remains a major contributing factor to high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of WASH among residents of Odi-Olowo local council development area, Lagos State. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional carried out among the residents of Odi-Olowo local council development area, Lagos State. A total of 402 residents were selected for this study using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and then analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA) and Microsoft excel. Chi-square test was used to test association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 34.0 ± 13.5 years, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2, and most of the respondents were tertiary school leavers. From this study, the level of knowledge was 67.8%, attitude level was 98.7%, and practice was 96.9%. This study showed that good knowledge of WASH was statistically significant with occupation (P < 0.001) and monthly income (P < 0.001). This study showed that good WASH practice was statistically significant with age (P < 0.001), level of education (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices toward WASH. Occupation and monthly income affect the knowledge of WASH. Age and level of education affect the practice toward WASH. Recommendation for this study includes education, creation and implementation of policies, and regular availability of handwashing materials.
Keywords: Hygiene, residents, sanitation, water
| Mauriac syndrome - A rare complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A case report | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/PDT/022 | | |
I. U. Ezeani, E. E. Oyenusi1
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria, 1Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: E. E. Oyenusi
Background: Mauriac syndrome (MS) is a glycogenic hepatopathy characterized by growth failure, delayed puberty, abdominal obesity, and hepatomegaly seen in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). It is associated with poor control of T1DM in adolescents. Timely institution of good metabolic control instituted can reverse these features with no case of evolution to end-stage liver disease. This case is reported because there is no documented case in Nigeria and emphasizes the need to maintain a high index of suspicion and prevent misdiagnosis. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old boy with T1DM (diagnosed at 8 years) presented to the endocrinology clinic with complaints of fever, weight loss, and pubertal delay. He had neonatal jaundice which resolved within 2 weeks. His diabetic control was poor (on premixed insulin 70/30) with inadequate follow-ups. Examination revealed cachexia, generalized lymphadenopathy, a protuberant abdomen, and hepatosplenomegaly. Anthropometry showed weight of 19.6 kg, height 116 cm, and BMI (Body Mass Index) 14.1 kg/m2, all markedly below the third centile. No pubertal signs were present. His RBG (Random Blood Glucose) was 400 mg/dl on presentation. HbA1C was 11.6%. Screening for Tuberculosis (TB), HIV, hepatitis and lymphoproliferative disorders were negative, while FBC (Full Blood Count) showed leukocytosis with ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) of 30 mm/h. Electrolytes, urea, and creatinine were normal. Genotype was AS. Chest X-ray showed features of bronchopneumonia. LFTs (Liver Function Test) were normal. His glucose control was optimized, and he gained 5.7 kg over 4 months. Conclusion: MS is a rare complication of poorly controlled T1DM. High index of suspicion should be maintained so that adequate growth can be achieved with timely intervention.
Keywords: Complication, delayed puberty, mauriac syndrome, type 1 diabetes
| Knowledge, behavioral risks, and preventive practices to hypertension among adult residents of Amuwo Odofin Local Government, Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/CVD/024 | | |
Uzokwe Chisomebi Melvina, A. T. Onajole, A. O. Ogunyemi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Uzokwe Chisomebi Melvina
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/572
Introduction: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular deaths worldwide and is one of the biggest global health concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, behavioral risks, and preventive practices to hypertension among adult residents of Amuwo Odofin local government area (LGA), Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adults aged 18–64 years using a multi-stage sampling technique to select 390 residents of Amuwo Odofin LGA. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with Epi Info statistical software version 7.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA) program. Level of significance (P) was set at <0.05. Results: Majority of the respondents (90.00%) had good knowledge on hypertension and this comprised majorly of females (59.40%). Only about a third of the respondents (31.79%) consumed adequate quantities of fruits and vegetables (≥5 servings per day). Majority did not have good blood pressure check practice, as only 41.37% were reported to have checked within the last month and only 33.93% check their blood pressure themselves regularly (at least once a week). There was a statistically significant association between age (P = 0.004), level of education (P < 0.001), religion (P = 0.02), marital status (P < 0.001) and knowledge of hypertension. Conclusion: There is need to create more awareness on the benefits of staying physically active and eating healthier meals. The community needs to be enlightened on the need to check their blood pressure regularly. This would ensure early detection and management of hypertension among those affected.
Keywords: Blood pressure, cardiovascular system, heart, Lagos
| Spontaneous mid-trimester heterotropic pregnancy: A case report and literature review | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/025 | | |
F. D. Haleemah Olalere, Kuye-Kuku Taiwo, Ayodele Biola1, Adedokun Temitope2, Fasai Oluwaseun2, Ogunyemi Ayokunle2, Oshodi Yusuf, Oshodi Olabode3, Emiogun Festus4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University, Departments of 1Radiology, 2Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3General Surgery and 4Forensic and Pathology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adedokun Temitope
Ethical clearance number: NOT APPLICABLE
Introduction: A spontaneous mid-trimester heterotropic pregnancy is an extremely rare and life-threatening condition. Case Report: A 36-year-old woman G4P3 + 0 (3alive), dietician, presented to a private hospital with severe lower abdominal pain at 7 weeks gestation associated first-trimester anemia in twin gestation. She was managed conservatively with hematinics and analgesics. She presented at 20 weeks' gestation in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, with an inevitable miscarriage in twin gestation and an ultrasound finding, of oligohydramnios in the second twin. She expelled the first twin within 4 h of admission, and the contractions waned. The second twin was retained. She had a repeat ultrasound that showed a bulky empty uterus with an extrauterine dead fetus in an amniotic sac and its placenta inserted on the anterior abdominal wall. Diagnosis: The woman was diagnosed with having a heterotropic pregnancy. Intervention: She had an emergency exploratory laparotomy and the retroplacental clot and the placenta implanted on the anterior abdominal wall and omentum were removed to get access to the amniotic sac and the unviable dead male fetus in the abdominal cavity was removed. The woman was managed with fluids, blood transfusion, and antibiotics after surgery. Outcomes: She was discharged home in good clinical condition on the 21st postoperative day. Conclusions: A high index of suspicion and a detailed pelvic ultrasonography are therefore mandatory in patients with early cyesis presenting with severe lower abdominal pain and anemia with intrauterine pregnancy, to rule out heterotropic gestation, irrespective of the mode of conception.
Keywords: Abdominal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, heterotropic pregnancy
| Barriers to uptake of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections: A dual-center study in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/026 | | |
O. L. Okunade, O. T. Aribaba K. O. Musa, A. O. Adenekan, O. Idowu, Olayinka Agboola
Department of Ophthalmology, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Olayinka Agboola
Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of many retinal diseases. The aim was to determine barriers to uptake of Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), and Ancilla Catholic Hospital Eye Centre, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a bi-center, hospital-based descriptive study conducted among patients attending Guinness Eye Centre, LUTH, and Ancilla Catholic Hospital Eye Centre, Lagos. Consecutive consenting patients booked for intravitreal anti-VEGF in the two study centers were enrolled for the study. Qualitative data were obtained via focus group discussion, and data were analyzed by the principal researcher. Results: There were 106 participants with a mean age of 65.92 ± 9.5 standard deviation years. The participants included 53.8% males and 46.2% females with a male:female ratio of 1.1:1. Among the 106 participants, 65 (61.3%) had intravitreal anti-VEGF injection while 41 (38.7%) did not take the injection. Ranibizumab was the most frequently administered anti-VEGF 42 (64.6%). Retinal vein occlusion was the most common indication (36.7%). There were statistically significant associations between female gender, increasing level of education, study participants from Ancilla Eye Centre, and uptake of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. Conclusion: Barriers such as the lack of felt need, cost, and fear are drawbacks that still require more eye health education and promotion and also increase the coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme.
Keywords: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, barriers, indications, source of payment, uptake
| Barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening in public secondary healthcare facilities in Lagos State: An urban–rural comparative study | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/027 | | |
F. I. Mayaki, O. T. Aribaba, F. B. Akinsola, O. A. Adenekan, K. O. Musa, A. A. Sule
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: A. A. Sule
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2878
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Early detection is facilitated through screening. This study was aimed at identifying various barriers to DR screening in public secondary healthcare facilities in Lagos with respect to urban–rural variations. Methods: This was hospital-based comparative mixed study design, to compare findings in rural and urban groups based on patients' and physicians' perspectives. Each study group had 144 patients who filled an interviewer-administered questionnaire and had ophthalmic examination. Principal researcher had in-depth interviews with eight other selected patients and four physicians. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS PASW Statistics version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed with Atlas More Details.ti software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Mean age of the participants in the rural group was 59.5 ± 10.0 years and urban group was 61.3 ± 11.6 years. Overall proportion who has had DR screening in the past was 106 (36.8%) with 35.4% in rural and 38.2% in urban groups (P = 0.625). Significant difference between rural and urban groups was found in barriers to DR screening such as lack of physician referral, lack of awareness on DR screening, and extra cost of eye care service. Findings from in-depth interviews in rural and urban groups were in concordance with the quantitative data. Conclusion: Only about one-third of patients in rural and urban groups had DR screening. Despite physicians' awareness of importance of DR screening, many were not referring DM patients for DR screening. Adoption of telemedicine in DR screening would be an effective intervention that will improve rate of DR screening.
Keywords: Barriers, diabetic retinopathy, healthcare facilities, screening
| Psychosocial support and cost burden of cancer among patients attending tertiary oncology clinics in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/OCG/029 | | |
Nwankwo A. Tochukwu, Adedoyin O. Ogunyemi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Nwankwo A. Tochukwu
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/549
Introduction: Cancer diagnosis and treatment bring about changes in patients' personal paths of life, in their daily activities, work, relationships, and family roles, and it is associated with a high level of patient psychological stress and financial toxicity. This study was designed to determine the psychosocial support and cost burden of cancer among patients attending tertiary oncology clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 240 cancer patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. The respondents were recruited consecutively and data were collected using a structured, adapted, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA) with Chi-square test used to test for associations, and level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Overall, 74.6% of the respondents had good perceived psychosocial support. The family was the most common source of support across the emotional, financial, and tangible support dimensions (91.7%, 83.8%, and 85.4%); doctors were the most common (60%) for informational support. Overall, 69.6% had significant cost burden. Statistical associations were found between cost burden and cancer type (P = 0.01), age (P < 0.0001), and financial support (P < 0.0001). For psychosocial support, associations were seen with employment status (P = 0.02) and treatment (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Most respondents had significant cost burden and good perceived psychosocial support, and various factors had effects on them. There is need for more research, support groups integration into clinics together and availability of loans to reduce the initial cost burden.
Keywords: Cancer, cost burden, Lagos, Nigeria, psychosocial support
| A prospective study comparing onlay with retrorectus mesh placement in ventral hernia repair at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/030 | | |
S. U. Nwokocha, O. S. Balogun1, O. A. Atoyebi1, E. A. Jeje1
Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 1Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and College Of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: S. U. Nwokocha
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2806
Background: Ventral hernia is a protrusion of viscus or part of viscus through the anterior abdominal wall defect. Surgical repair of ventral hernias is needed to relief clinical symptoms and prevent complications. Mesh hernioplasty is fast replacing the traditional tissue-based repair of ventral hernias. The preferred position for mesh placement within the anterior abdominal wall varies among surgeons. This is to compare results of the early outcome (<3 months) of onlay versus retrorectus mesh hernioplasty of ventral hernia. Methods: This was a comparative interventional study involving patients ≥18 years with uncomplicated ventral hernia managed in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). The study was approved by LUTH HREC. Eligible patients were randomized into onlay (A) and retrorectus (B). Patients' demographics and surgical outcome data were analyzed. A P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Results of 98 study participants were analyzed. Incisional hernia constituted the most common etiology. Postoperative outcome in B showed superiority over A with regard to duration (97.5 min vs. 117.6 min), drain effluent (4 days vs. 6 days), pain perception (5/10 vs. 8/10), time to ambulation (24 h vs. 48 h), duration of hospital stay (5.6 days vs. 9.5 days), time before normal activities (4 weeks vs. 12 weeks), wound assessment (class 0 vs. class IIB), seroma formation (1% vs. 43.9%), and early recurrence (0% vs. 2%). Conclusion: This study showed the superiority of retrorectus mesh placement over onlay in ventral hernia repair.
| Mobile virtual reality simulation complements in-person helping babies breathe training - A report from the EHBB/MHBS study | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/INM/033 | | |
Ezenwa Beatrice, Beatrice N. Ezenwa, Rachel A. Umoren1, Iretiola B. Fajolu, Sherri Bucher2, Felicitas M. Okwako3, Fabian Esamai3, Chinyere V. Ezeaka
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 2Department of Paediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 3Department of Paediatrics, Alupe University College, Busia, Kenya
Presenter: Ezenwa Beatrice
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/09/18/445
Background: Neonatal mortality accounts for approximately 47% of global under-5 child mortality. The need for access to neonatal resuscitation (NR) training and the availability of mobile devices has led to innovations such as mobile virtual reality (VR). We evaluated the use of eHBB VR as preparation for in-class NR training. Methods: Healthcare workers in 20 secondary and tertiary facilities in Lagos, Nigeria, and Busia, Western Kenya, were recruited to participate. Consented participants were randomized to review the eHBB + digital manual (VR group, n = 91) or digital manual only (control group, n = 88) for 20 min before an in-person HBB 2nd edition course. NR knowledge and skills assessments were conducted using standardized tools: knowledge check, bag-and-mask ventilation (BMV) skills check, and objective-structured clinical examination (OSCE) A checklist. Results: A total of 179 nurses and midwives participated. Overall performance on the postexposure (preclass) assessments was similar between groups: BMV skills check (4.9 VR vs. 5.3 control) and OSCE A checklist (5.9 VR vs. 5.8 control). However, the VR group achieved higher scores on some critical steps: positions head and clears airway (86% VR vs. 65% control, P < 0.01), removes wet cloth (38% VR vs. 25% control, P = 0.08), and recognizes that baby is crying and breathing well (70% VR vs 62% control, P = 0.34). The control group performed well on basic skills: identifying a helper (8% VR vs. 18% control, P < 0.05) and washing hands (22% VR vs. 36% control, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Precourse preparation with digital interventions such as mobile VR may complement in-person training in NR.
| Smartphone addiction, psychological status, insomnia, and pain-related disability of the neck among staff of College of Medicine, University of Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/034 | | |
A. K. Akodu, B. F. Akanni, A. Osuntoki1
Departments of Physiotherapy and 1Biochemistry, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: B. F. Akanni
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/0701/19
Introduction: The use of smartphones among adult population has resulted in the development of physical, mental, and sleep problems. This study determined the association between smartphone addiction, psychological status, insomnia, and neck pain-related disability among staff of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 271 academic and nonacademic staff (106 females, 165 males) with a mean age of 45.797 ± 9.28 years. Questionnaires comprising smartphone addiction scale, depression, stress, and anxiety scale, neck pain disability scale, and insomnia severity index were used for data collection. Inferential statistics of Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables at α level of P < 0.05. Results: The outcome of this study revealed that 80 (29.5%) staff of CMUL were addicted to smartphone use and the prevalence is higher 60 (39.2%) among nonacademic staff. Eleven (4.1%) participants had severe depression, 16 (5.9%) had extremely severe anxiety, while 9 (3.3%) were severely stressed. Nine (3.3%) participants had clinical insomnia and 5 (1.8%) had moderate-to-severe problem with the neck. It was revealed that there was a significant association between smartphone addiction, pain-related disability of the neck (P = 0.023), and insomnia (P = 0.001). There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in all the variables between academic and nonacademic staff. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among academic and nonacademic staff of CMUL and is associated with neck pain-related disability and insomnia.
Keywords: Addiction, insomnia, pain-related disability, Smartphone
| Rhabdomyolysis - A rare and often-missed complication of diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/PDT/035 | | |
K. O. Oleolo-Ayodeji, H. O. Salako, O. A. Moronkola, E. E. Oyenusi, A. O. Oduwole
Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: K. O. Oleolo-Ayodeji
Background: Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by a triad of muscle weakness, myalgia, and dark urine. Various etiologies are described including diabetic emergencies though rare in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Rhabdomyolysis can cause acute kidney injury with attendant morbidity and mortality. High index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis because of subtle presentation, necessitating this case report. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed at 12 years of age was brought to the emergency room with complaints of fever, generalized body weakness, and unresponsiveness. Before the onset of the illness, he was said doing well in school though compliance with his insulin regimen (Lantus and Humulin) while in the hostel could not be confirmed. Last clinic visit was about 2 months before presentation. Random blood glucose in referring hospital was 350 mg/dl. Examination in LUTH revealed a GCS of 5/15, sluggishly reacting pupils, moderate dehydration, and fever (temperature 38.8°C). Blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg, pulse was feeble at 100 bpm, and respiratory rate of 30 cpm. Urethral catheter drained bloody urine with output of 1–2 ml/kg/h. Laboratory investigations showed hyperglycemia (250 mg/dl), ketonuria (+), hematuria (+++),proteinuria (++), and HbA1c – 9.6%. FBC showed leukopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia. Deranged electrolytes included metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, and elevated urea and creatinine. Serum creatinine kinase was elevated. He had adequate fluid resuscitation, osmotic diuresis, glycemic control, platelet transfusion, and antibiotics, made significant clinical improvement, and was subsequently discharged. Conclusion: Rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of DKA. High index of suspicion should be maintained for prompt detection and management to prevent potential complications, especially kidney injury.
Keywords: Complications, diabetic, glucose, ketoacidosis, Rhabdomyolysis
| Household food security and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown among residents of Coker community, Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/036 | | |
A. A. Roberts, B. C. Isikekpei1, O. Ubani1, A. Awodele1, A. Chima-Oduko1, E. S. Olufela
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, 1Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: B. C. Isikekpei
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/4043
Background: Globally, food insecurity is a public health issue, especially in developing countries. Food security and the mental health status of people can be affected by the COVID-19 lockdown. This study aimed to determine the factors and predictors of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on household food security among residents of Coker community, Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among households selected by multi-stage sampling method in Coker-Ilepa Ward of Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 were used to assess the household food security situation and their mental health status, respectively. Results: A total of 430 households were surveyed. The prevalence of food insecurity was 66.5%. Food insecurity was higher among households with the household head aged 40–49 years (P = 0.001), male-headed households (P = 0.001), those who are manually skilled (P = 0.001), lower education status (P = 0.005), and lower household income (P = 0.001). Age, sex, and income were the significant factors affecting food insecurity. Further, there is a statistically significant association between food insecurity and mental health status of the residents with P = 0.001. Conclusion and Recommendations: This study revealed a high level of food insecurity and associated declining mental health status due to the COVID-19 lockdown. We recommend that government should implement sustainable policies and strategies to mitigate the impact of future epidemic crises on the household food security and mental health of its citizens.
Keywords: Covid-19, food security, household, lockdown, residents
| Evaluation of anthropometric correlates of prognostic nutritional index as survival risk indicator among surgical patients in Kano, Northern Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/037 | | |
Nwachukwu Mike Ibeabuchi, M. A. Agada Hilary1, Hameed Adeniran Omotayo2, Gbolahan Oyeshiku2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, 1Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Specialist Hospital, Kano, 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Nwachukwu Mike Ibeabuchi
Background: Reports on preoperative nutritional assessment for surgical risk prediction in developing countries are sparse. This study evaluated the predictive correlates of anthropometric variables with the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Methods: The PNI of 103 elective patients admitted for major surgery at the Armed Forces Specialist Hospital, Kano, was evaluated prospectively and correlated with anthropometric variables using predictive regression modeling. Results: Normal anthropometric measures included arm fat area (AFA) 43.3%, arm muscle area (AMA) 68%, and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), 36.9%. The body mass index (BMI) revealed 17.5% normal, 12.6% malnourished, and 68% overweight patients. The PNI indicated that 83.5% were normal. Significant differences between the normal and abnormal values for TSF (P < 0.000), AMA (P < 0.008), BMI (P < 0.000), and PNI (P < 0.000) were observed. Factorial combination suggested that males with abnormal TSF, AMA, AFA, and BMI were most likely to experience postoperative complications (X = 45.3, N = 3, standard deviation = 14.4). Conversely, males with abnormal TSF/AFA, normal AMA, and low BMI were least likely to experience postoperative complication (X = 4.2, N = 1). Pearson's correlation showed that PNI was inversely related to TSF, AMA, AFA, and BMI but directly related to AFA (r = 0.67, df = 101, P < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.21, df = 101, P < 0.05). AMA was inversely related to TSF (r = −0.07, df = 101, P > 0.05). Logistic regression showed that TSF, AMA, and BMI predicted PNI (β = 0.17, −0.05, and 0.02, respectively). At variance of 17%, TSF was the best predictor of PNI. Conclusion: This study suggests that TSF is useful proxy for PNI, being inexpensive and clearly demarcating nutritionally normal from abnormal patients.
Keywords: Anthropometry, nutritional assessment, predictive regression, preoperative
| COVID-19: Cutaneous manifestations in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/038 | | |
Erere Otrofanowei, Ayesha O. Akinkugbe, Olusola O. Ayanlowo, Bolaji I. Otike-Odibi1, Iorhen E. Akase2, Moses Karami2, Mahmood Kamal2, Basirat Akanbi2
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 2Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Presenter: Ayesha A. O. Akinkugbe
Ethical clearance number: LUTHHREC/EREV/0520/36
Background: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 have been documented from Europe, the USA, and China but none from Africa to date. Skin findings among Africans differ from Caucasians, and it is important to report these in Nigerians with COVID-19. Methods: This was a prospective observational review involving patients seen at the Emergency Triage and Isolation wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Demographic and clinical data were captured; skin and appendages were examined by a dermatologist between 0800 h and 1600 h to minimize visual errors of artificial light-masking cutaneous lesions. Results: Of 235 participants, 17 (7.23%) had recent-onset skin rash, with 7 (41.2%) itching and 11 confirmed with COVID-19. There was a male:female ratio of 97:43 (2.3) among COVID-19 patients. Cutaneous findings were in 12 (5.1%) participants, with the face and trunk mostly affected and acne plus papular eruptions predominating. There was no significant relationship between COVID-19 and recent-onset skin rash (χ2, P = 0.87). Only 2 of the 17 participants had previously existing dermatoses (χ2, P = 0.84). There was no significant relationship between use of medications and onset of rashes (χ2, P = 0.72) or between those with comorbidities and onset of rashes (χ2, P = 0.51). Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations were found among Nigerian patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most presented with pruritus and papular eruptions. No morphologic pattern was demonstrated. Physicians and dermatologists need to be aware and look out for skin changes in SARS-CoV-2 infection as they may be early pointers to COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19, cutaneous findings, manifestations, Nigeria, skin
| The prevalence of achilles tendinopathy and its association with ABO gene expression and blood groups in a population of Nigerian footballers | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/040 | | |
Aiyegbusi Ayoola, Owoeye Itunu1, Akinloye Oluyemi2
Departments of Physiotherapy and 2Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, 1Medical Rehabilitation Therapists Board of Nigeria, Nigeria
Presenter: Owoeye Itunu
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/06/19/536
Introduction: Achilles' tendinopathy (AT) is an overuse injury characterized by localized pain and dysfunction with possible tendon rupture. It accounts for 18% of all running injuries with a prevalence of 6% in the general population. Genetic mutations and the ABO blood group have been suggested as possible predisposing factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of AT and its association with the ABO gene expression and blood groups among Nigerian footballers. Methods: Participants were 175 footballers in Lagos State. AT was determined using the Royal London Hospital Test and ultrasonography. 5 ml blood was obtained from each participant and analyzed using the antigen–antibody principle for ABO blood group typing. RNA was extracted from blood samples and real-time PCR (qPCR) was done. Threshold cycle for amplification was recorded and normalized gene expression study was carried out using ACTIN gene as control. Results: The prevalence of AT was 16%. The odds ratio of blood groups A, B, and O was 0.542, 1.150, and 0.859, respectively. The ABO gene is 1.3 times more expressed in players with AT though not significantly (P = 0.081). Conclusions: Blood group A is most predisposed to developing AT while blood group B has the lowest risk. The ABO gene is likely not associated with the development of AT among Nigerian footballers.
Keywords: ABO gene, achilles tendinopathy, blood groups, Nigerian footballers
| Viral disease outbreak (COVID-19 pandemic): A study of psychosocial distance and psychological distress among healthcare workers in a COVID-19 treatment | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/043 | | |
O. P. Ogunnubi, Y. O. Oshodi, I. E. Akase1,
I. T. Stowe1, S. A. Raji1, B. Fadipe, O. M. Idowu1,
D. Oluwole2, W. L. Adeyemo3, C. Bode4
Departments of Psychiatry, 1Medicine, 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 3Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and 4Surgery, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluwaseun Idowu
Ethical clearance number: LUTHHREC/EREV/0520/18
Introduction: Negative attitudes among health workers toward the management COVID-19 disease may have implications on the holistic management of the disease. If the physicians' attitudes toward COVID-19 are no better than that of the public, then they will be ineffectual to serve as role models or opinion leaders in anti-stigma campaigns. The aim of this study is to assess emotional social distance and psychological impacts among healthcare workers in Lagos University Teaching Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Questions from sociodemographic, the Bogardus social distance scale, and the general health questionnaire (GHQ) were sent via selected social media platforms to the employed healthcare workers in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, who consented to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Mean age of the respondents was 34.7 ± 2 years and more than half (52.1%) were females. About 43% of the participants showed psychosocial distancing toward COVID-19. About a third of the participants (31%) showed to have the presence of a mental disorder when assessed using the GHQ-12. There was no significant association between sociodemographics and psychosocial distancing of the participants (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that a significant percentage of healthcare workers displayed psychosocial distancing toward COVID-19 and displayed psychological distress. Interventions to educate physicians against negative attitudes toward the management COVID-19 has to be established to improve the holistic management of the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, healthcare workers, Nigeria, Psychosocial distance
| Prevalence of child maltreatment and help-seeking behavior among in-school adolescents in Surulere Local Government, Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/044 | | |
Adebola Adejimi, Oluwabukola Ogungbayo, Esther Oluwole, Alero Roberts, Akin Osibogun
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluwabukola Ogungbayo
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/539
Introduction: Child maltreatment is a public health problem affecting about six out of every ten children. It causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. In a society like Nigeria, child maltreatment is under-reported, and some forms of abuse are generally accepted as normal. This study assessed the prevalence of child maltreatment and help-seeking behavior among in-school adolescents in Surulere Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 360 in-school adolescents in Surulere LGA, Lagos, Nigeria. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data concerning the prevalence of child maltreatment and help-seeking behavior. Data analysis was done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA) for Windows. Chi-square statistics was used to test the association between the variables at the level of significance of 5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.86 ± 1.72 years and 62.5% were female. The overall prevalence of child maltreatment was 83.9%. Physical neglect was the most prevalent form of abuse. About 74.7% of the respondents did not disclose their experience of abuse. Respondents who disclosed did majorly to their parents (41.63%) and friends (15.61%). Only 26.39% of the respondents could correctly name an organization that supports victims of child abuse. Conclusion: Child maltreatment is highly prevalent and help-seeking behavior is poor among this population. There is a need to educate adolescents about child maltreatment and provide information on the various channels where they can seek for help.
Keywords: Adolescents, behaviour, child maltreatment, help-seeking, prevalence
| Physical activity level among adolescents in senior secondary schools in Surulere Local Government Area | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/045 | | |
Ajulo Oyinkansola Elizabeth, OO Odukoya1, AL Oyeyemi1
Departments of Medicine and Surgery and 1Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ajulo Oyinkansola Elizabeth
Ethical clearance number: HREC/APP/555
Introduction: Physical inactivity is a common risk factor for noncommunicable diseases around the world today. The effect of a sedentary lifestyle is detrimental to the health of an individual and indirectly the world at large. This study assessed the level of physical activity among adolescents in Surulere Local Government Area (LGA). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents in Surulere LGA. 305 students were selected using the multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0 PASW Statistics version 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA)Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA); Chi-square test was used to check for association between variables. The level of significance was P ≤ 0.05. Results: The findings showed that 92.2% of adolescents met the WHO standard of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level, spending an average of 397.45 min/week equivalent to 56.78 min/day within all the domains of physical activity level tested. An average male spends 61.54 min/day, while an average female spends 50.01 min/day on MVPA. Conclusion: Majority of the adolescents surveyed had good physical activity level and met the WHO standard of 60 min of MVPA per day. 15% of females did not meet the WHO standard recommendations for physical activity.
Keywords: Adolescents, physical activity, secondary school
| Hepatitis B infection: Knowledge and attitude toward screening and vaccination status of undergraduate students of College of Medicine, UNILAG | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/046 | | |
Temitope Odumosu, T. O. Odugbemi1, O. J. Kanma-Okafor1
Departments of Medicine and Surgery and 1Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Temitope Odumosu
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/546
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection creates a major public health problem in the world as it is one of the major causes of liver ailment. It causes liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. It is lethal if left untreated. It is the most common liver infection in the world. This study was to determine the knowledge level of hepatitis B infection and attitude toward screening and vaccination status of undergraduate students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which employed a proportionate stratified random sampling to select 200 respondents. This study was performed at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square test was used to test association, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age was 19.32 ± 1.62 years. Most of the respondents were males (56.34%) and single (98.98%). The students (88.3%) had positive attitude toward screening. Less than half of the students (42.6%) have been screened for hepatitis B infection. Further, 47.7% of the students have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Majority of the students (86.8%) had a very good preventable practice against hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: The students had a good knowledge overall. Students had a high level of good attitude toward screening for the virus. Less than half the population have been vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Recommendations include education, better cost, and availability of screening, and the vaccination of students should be made compulsory.
Keywords: Hepatitis B, infection, knowledge, screening, undergraduates, vaccination
| Profile, sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, predictors, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/047 | | |
Yeside O. Akinbolagbe, Erere Otrofanowei1, Iorhen E. Akase2, Patricia E. Akintan, Uyiekpen E. Ima-Edomwonyi2, Bolaji O. Olopade2, Osigwe P. Agabi2, Danladi A. Nmadu2, Gbemileke O. Akinbode3, Adefolarin Opawoye3, Aramide C. Olasope3, Adewale Ogundare3, Bukunmi A. Bolarinwa3, Elizabeth O. Otokiti3, Precious J. Enajeroh3, Moses Karami3, Christopher I. Esezobor
Departments of Paediatrics and 1Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Departments of 2Medicine and 3Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Yeside O. Akinbolagbe
Ethical clearance number: LUTHHREC/EREV/0620/52
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the current public health concern worldwide. It is pertinent to evaluate risk factors or predictors of severe disease and mortality in our setting. Hypoxemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. This study therefore aimed to assess the profile of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia and identify their associated sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, predictors, and outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were extracted from medical records of PCR-confirmed COVID-19–positive in-patients admitted between April and October 2020. Data extracted and analyzed included age, sex, comorbidities, disease category/classification, symptoms, lowest oxygen saturation (SpO2), and outcomes. Results: A total of 266 patients were analyzed; mean (standard deviation) was 49.80 (±16.68) years. Hypoxemia was found in 102 (38.3%) of the cases. About half of the hypoxemic cases, 53 (52%) were ≥60 years and most of them were male 70 (68.6%). Difficulty breathing, present in 56 (55%), was the most common symptom in them. Age ≥60, difficulty breathing, and fever were independent predictors of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia was significantly associated with death (χ2 – 42.13; P < 0.001); Odds ratio was 14.5 (95% confidence interval: 5.4–38.8). Conclusions: Hypoxemia occurred in 1 out of every 3 COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis. SpO2 monitoring and early presentation in hospital for those 60 years and above or with dyspnea are essential for early identification and treatment of hypoxemia to reduce mortality.
Keywords: COVID-19, hypoxemia, Nigeria, outcome, risk factors
| Effect of overground gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living among stroke survivors | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/CVD/049 | | |
Oladunni C. Osundiya, Olamide S. Joseph1, Olajide A. Olawale
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, 1Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Center, Lokoja, Nigeria
Presenter: Oladunni C. Osundiya
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/07/18/380
Introduction: Lower limb motor coordination is a strong predictor of social participation. Overground walking exercise training is often employed as a therapeutic modality in stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of overground gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living among stroke survivors. Methods: Consenting 28 stroke survivors were randomly assigned into two groups and received overground gait training with and without rhythmic auditory stimulation for 6 weeks. Lower extremity motor coordination test (LEMOCOT) and Nottingham extended activities of daily living (NEADL) scale were used to assess lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living, respectively. Repeated measures analysis was used for within-group comparisons of LEMOCOT scores. Friedman's test was used for within-group comparisons of NEADL scores while Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the NEADL scores between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Results: At the end of the 6th week, there was a significant increase in the LEMOCOT scores for Group A (paretic limb: 9.14–10.21[P = 0.0120]; nonparetic limb: 118.43–20.29 [P = 0.004]) and Group B (paretic limb: 9.43–11.71 [P = 0.001]; nonparetic limb: 18.79–20.29 [P = 0.002]). Furthermore, the mean rank for the NEADL improved for both groups (A: 1.64–2.39 [P = 0.005]; B: 1.61–2.39 [P = 0.004]). Conclusion: Overground gait training, with or without rhythmic auditory stimulation, was effective in improving lower limb motor coordination and activities of daily living among stroke survivors.
Keywords: Activities of daily living, gait training, motor coordination, rhythmic auditory stimulation, stroke
| Generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and psychological factors among dancers in Lagos State. | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/050 | | |
A. K. Akodu, Y. O. Balogun
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Y. O. Balogun
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/12/19/706
Introduction: Dancers are athletes who are susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries, and hypermobility and their emotional level are very important for optimal performance. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility and its association with musculoskeletal injuries and psychological factors among dancers in Lagos State. Methods: One hundred and fourteen dancers (54 males and 60 females) selected from two dance groups in Lagos State completed a 31-item musculoskeletal pain questionnaire, 9-item validated Beighton index, and 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Results: The results showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dancers is 77 (67%) and the knee, 25 (21.9%), was the most commonly affected body site. The prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility was 81 (71.1%) with majority having distinct hypermobility. The level of anxiety among dancers is extremely severe 35 (30.7%). There was no significant association (P = 0.487) between generalized joint hypermobility and 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and psychological factors (P > 0.05) among dancers. Conclusions: There was high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among dancers. The knee is the most frequently injured joint. Majority of the dancers' joints are distinctly hypermobile, and most of the dancers have extremely severe anxiety. Generalized joint hypermobility was not influenced by musculoskeletal injuries and psychological factors.
Keywords: Anxiety, dancers, depression, joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injury, stress
| Artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complication in a 15-year-old female - A case report | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/052 | | |
Akindele Bimbola, Abe Adesuwa, O. A. Aderemi1, O. Olatosi Olubukola2
Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 1Department of Oral Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 2Department of Child Dental Health Faculty of Dental Sciences, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Akindele Bimbola
Introduction: Maxillary midline diastema is considered a symbol of beauty among women in some Nigerian and African populations. Hence, those without it often seek the creation of artificial midline diastema from quacks, leading to complications. Case Report: We report the case and oral health quality of life (OHQoL) of a 15-year-old girl who presented at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital with a complaint of shocking sensation in her maxillary central incisors which started 4 months before her presentation. First episode of pain was 3 years ago which started immediately she had her upper central incisor filed to create a diastema. Examination revealed defect in the mesial walls of teeth 11 and 21 exposing the underlying dentine. There was no tenderness to percussion, mobility, or carious lesions on teeth 11 and 21. Periapical radiograph showed that there was no periapical radiolucency or any pathology related to teeth 11 and 21. Diagnosis of dentinal hypersensitivity secondary to tooth mutilation as a result of artificial creation of midline diastema was made. Composite restoration was done on teeth 11 and 21 followed by counseling. Questionnaire on Child Oral Health Impact Profile was administered to assess the OHQoL. The total score ranged from 49 to 245. Overall score for the patient was 221, indicating a good quality of life though the least score was in functional limitation. Conclusion: There is need to create more awareness targeted toward parents and their adolescents on the complications of artificial creation of diastemas created in nondental settings.
Keywords: Artificially created, complication, diastema, maxillary, midline
| Care practices and stigma among primary caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in educational institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/053 | | |
Oluwasola O. Aina, Adedoyin O. Ogunyemi, Adebola A. Adejimi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adebola A. Adejimi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/518
Introduction: Intellectual disability (ID) is a lifelong condition that manifests during the developmental years. They are characterized by below-average general intellectual function IQ below 75) and limitation in adaptive functioning comprising conceptual, social, and practical skills. This condition arises before the age of 18. The study measured the knowledge, care practices, and the level of experienced stigma among primary caregivers of children with IDs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 20 Lagos State Inclusive Units and Special Schools located in 12 Local Government Areas of Lagos State. 160 primary caregivers were recruited for this study using multistage sampling technique and were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. The results were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square was also used to test association and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the primary caregivers (38.1%) were between the ages of 41 and 50 years with a mean of 41.3 ± 9.5 years. Majority of the respondents were female (65.6%) and married. Assessment of knowledge showed that there was statistically significant association between level of education and knowledge of ID. Stigma has significantly affected caregivers' quality of life, social contacts, family relations, and self-esteem. However, knowledge of ID and nonexperience of stigma was significant. Conclusion: The study showed an inverse relationship between knowledge of ID and experience of stigma. It is recommended that primary caregivers should engage in personal development in continuous education on the subject of intellectual disabilities.
Keywords: Knowledge, care practices, stigma, intellectual disabilities
| Prediction of cardiopulmonary function using upper limb dexterity and handgrip strength of community dwelling elderly | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/054 | | |
O. C. Osundiya, T. O. Ajepe, F. O. Okunade
Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: T. O. Ajepe
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/2140
Background: Cardiopulmonary fitness is regarded as a clinical vital sign and maintenance is important throughout aging. In low-resource communities where cardiopulmonary assessment tools are not ubiquitous, the more easily assessed strength and function of the upper limbs may be useful. This study aimed at predicting cardiopulmonary function using upper limb dexterity (ULD) and handgrip strength (HGS) of community dwelling elderly. Methods: This survey involved 101 community dwelling elderly (32 males and 69 females) from Lagos State, Nigeria, aged between 60 and 94 years. Cardiopulmonary parameters were assessed with portable blood pressure monitor and spirometer. Dominant ULD and HGS were assessed with block and box test and Jamar dynamometer, respectively. Spearman's correlation was used to determine the relationship between dominant ULD, HGS, and cardiopulmonary parameters. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict the cardiopulmonary parameters using ULD and HGS. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: ULD and HGS had positive significant relationship with all pulmonary parameters (P < 0.05). ULD was negatively related with cardiovascular parameters while HGS had no significant relationship (P > 0.05). Multiple regression showed that in addition to age, sex, weight, and height, ULD did not predict pulmonary parameters (P > 0.05) while HGS predicted all pulmonary parameters (P < 0.05). Concerning cardiovascular parameters, ULD significantly predicted pulse pressure (P = 0.038). Conclusions: HGS can be used to obtain useful inform on the status of the pulmonary system, while ULD may give some information on the status of the cardiovascular system of the elderly.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary, dexterity, elderly, upper limb strength
| Students of the University of Lagos and the propensity for experiencing violence | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/055 | | |
E. C. Onuh, A. O. Sekoni1, O. J. Kanma-Okafor1
Departments of Medicine and Surgery, 1Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: E. C. Onuh
Background: Violence here is the premeditated use of force or the threat of its use against oneself or another person which may lead to serious injuries, death, or harm. Despite its public health significance, little is known of its burden, especially among students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. To determine the prevalence and assess the pattern of violence and the factors affecting the prevalence of violence among students of the University of Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Lagos, Akoka, in February 2020 among 411 respondents selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine the association between variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of violence in this study was 43% with 24% of these having experienced physical violence while 22% and 15% of the respondents had experienced emotional and sexual violence, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between experiencing physical violence and the age (P = 0.017) and sex (P = 0.048) of the respondents. Substance use was also significantly associated with experiencing violence (P < 0.001). Experiencing physical violence was significantly associated with experiencing sexual and emotional violence (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, about half of the respondents had experienced at least one form of violence. This shows the urgent need for interventions on this public health issue, in the form of awareness, research, and social and emotional support for those who have experienced violence.
Keywords: Emotional, physical violence, sexual violence
| Preoperative anxiety and plasma adrenaline levels following premedication with clonidine and midazolam in adults: A randomized controlled trial | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/056 | | |
U. C. Ifezue, J. O. Olatosi1, O. O. Adekola1, G. K. Asiyanbi1, A. A. Adesida1, M. K. Rotimi, A. O. Durodola2
Department of Anaesthesia, LUTH, 1Department of Anaesthesia, LUTH/CMUL, 2Department of Anaesthesia, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: U. C. Ifezue
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2294
Introduction: Preoperative anxiety in surgical patients causes a rise in the levels of catecholamines with systemic effects. It may lead to autonomic fluctuations, increased anesthetic requirement, postoperative pain, and higher risk of infection. Premedicants have been used to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients with varying effects. This study aims at evaluating the effects of oral clonidine and oral midazolam premedication on preoperative anxiety and plasma adrenaline levels. Materials/Methods: This randomized, double-blinded study was conducted in the operating theatres of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Ninety consenting adults aged 18–64 years scheduled for elective procedures were randomly allocated by blind balloting into three groups; C, M, and P and received 4 μg/kg of oral clonidine, 0.5 mg/kg of oral midazolam, and 10 ml of honey, respectively. Obstetric patients and those at risk of aspiration were excluded. Anxiety scores and corresponding hemodynamic variables were recorded while plasma adrenaline was assayed pre- and post-anxiolysis. Numerical data were analyzed using mean ± standard deviation while analysis of variance was used in comparing mean across groups. Results: Midazolam and clonidine as premedicants significantly reduced the anxiety levels of patients. Clonidine produced a significant reduction in plasma adrenaline levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Premedication with oral midazolam decreased preoperative anxiety than oral clonidine. Clonidine was more effective at preventing a rise in adrenaline levels in surgical patients.
Keywords: Adrenaline, clonidine, midazolam, preoperative anxiety
| Knowledge, attitudes, and motivations toward blood donation among adults in Eti-Osa Local Government, Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/058 | | |
Tobechukwu Ibeh, Adebola Adejimi, Adedoyin Ogunyemi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Tobechukwu Ibeh
Introduction: Blood donation is affected by several factors, among which peoples' level of knowledge, attitudes, and motivations are crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and motivation toward blood donation among adults in Eti-Osa Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 337 respondents. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square statistics was used to test for association between variables at the level of significance of 5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31.3 ± 12.0 years and 53.4% were males. About 66.5% of the respondents had good knowledge about blood donation, and 89.0% had positive attitude toward blood donation. About 40.9% of the respondents had donated blood in the past and majority (64.5%) did so voluntarily. Majority (68.8%) of the respondents indicated that they would be encouraged to donate blood if there are reputable, safe, and efficient national blood bank service. Gender of the respondents was significantly associated with knowledge about blood donation. Age, gender, marital status, religion, ethnicity, and occupation were significantly associated with respondents' attitude toward blood donation. Conclusion: Considering the level of knowledge and attitude to blood donation in this study, government, nongovernmental organization, and health workers should intensify the efforts in enlightening and educating the populace to increase the level of knowledge and attitude toward blood donation.
Keywords: Attitude, blood donation, knowledge, motivation
| Evaluation of the clinical effects of two different concentrations of ketofol in pediatric oncology patients undergoing procedural sedation | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/060 | | |
Ijeoma Chinenye Ohagwu, J. O. Olatosi1, O. O. Adekola1, A. A. Adesida2, G. K. Asiyanbi1
Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, 1Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 2Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ohagwu, Ijeoma Chinenye
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2518
Background: Procedural sedation and analgesia are safe and effective for control of pain, anxiety, and motion so as to allow necessary procedures to be performed. Examples are bone marrow aspiration, intrathecal injection which are common in children with haematological diseases. Ketamine or propofol commonly used can result in delayed recovery with ketamine and hypotension with propofol. Recently, the combination of both drugs (ketofol) has been introduced to minimize these effects. This study compared different ratios of ketofol (1:2 and 1:3) for procedural sedation in pediatric oncology patients. Methods: 60 pediatric oncology patients aged 1–15 years scheduled for procedural sedation were randomized into Group KT2 (ratio 1:2) or KT3 (ratio 1:3). Group KT2 was made up of 2 mg/ml ketamine and 4 mg/ml propofol while Group KT3 was 2 mg/ml of ketamine and 6 mg/ml of propofol. Administration was initially at 0.5 ml/kg and then 0.25 ml/kg when RSS < 4. RSS, Onset time, recovery time, hemodynamic changes, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and adverse events were evaluated. Results: Onset time (P = 0.356), sedation (P = 0.306), and recovery times (P = 0.650) were similar in both groups. KT3 group used significantly more propofol than KT2 group (P = 0.006) but KT2 group required significantly more top-up doses (P = 0.016). The mean RSS and postsedation pain score were comparable between the two groups. The MAP was significantly lower in Group KT3, though heart rates were comparable. Side effects did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Quality of sedation was comparable between the groups; ketofol should however be considered in children who are hemodynamically unstable.
Keywords: Ketofol, hematological malignancy, procedural sedation
| Adverse events following immunization reported during first-dose COVID-19 vaccination at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/VEE/061 | | |
Chuka-Ebene Vivian, Adewunmi Adebowale1, Somuvie Kefe O, Fajolu Iretioluwa2, Maffallen Opeoluwa3, Edet Ruby A, Odofin Mayowa4, Akinwunmi Christiana A5, Ifejika Uzoamaka, Ogunyemi Funke D4, Ejekam China6, Adeyemo Lanre7, Bode Chris8, Oreagba Ibrahim9
Departments of Pharmacy, 1Medicine, 2Paediatrics, 3Information Technology, 4HIV/PEPFAR Clinic, 5Nursing, 6Community Health and Primary Care, 7Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 8Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos and 9Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Somuvie Kefe O
Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 has caused unprecedented mortality and this resulted in fast-tracked vaccine development, culminating in the release of approved COVID-19 vaccines in 2021. The Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) vaccination center administered the first dose of the AstraZeneca (COVISHIELD) vaccine in March 2021. Being a new product, establishing the pattern of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) will provide useful information on its safety profile, thereby serving as a useful tool to advocate for its acceptance by the public. Aim: This paper is aimed at describing the pattern of AEFIs documented during the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccination exercise at the LUTH center. Methods: This was a prospective study, utilizing active pharmacovigilance. All vaccinated persons were observed for 15 min after vaccination and followed up through phone calls and/or SMS for 7 days postimmunization. Descriptive analysis of adverse events (AEs) was then carried out on data obtained. Results: Out of 3295 persons contacted, 1182 (35.9%) reported AEs. Eighty-three different AEFIs were reported including headache/migraine (30.63%), fever (28.76%) pain at the injection site (24.28%), body pain (19.63%), and chills/rigors (13.2%). No fatality was recorded. The majority of events appear to be commonly reported in other parts of the world and these resolved within 24–72 h. Conclusion: Most AEFIs were mild to moderate (headache and fever) and resolved within a few days. Causality assessment may be required to determine whether these AEs resulted from administered vaccines.
Keywords: adverse drug reactions, adverse events following immunization, COVID-19, pharmacovigilance, vaccination
| The effect of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia on postoperative liver enzymes | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/062 | | |
Oladimeji Motunrayo, Akanmu Olanrewaju1, Adekola Oyebola1, Desalu Ibironke1
Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi Araba, 1Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oladimeji Motunrayo
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP 2385
Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol during general anesthesia is on the increase. Propofols such as isoflurane have been implicated in hepatotoxicity during general anesthesia. This study compared the effects of isoflurane and propofol on liver enzymes (aspartate transaminases [AST], alanine transaminases [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and total bilirubin [Tbil]) following general anesthesia. Methods: Sixty ASA I and II patients aged 18–64 years scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two maintenance groups; Group I received isoflurane 0.8%–1.5% and Group P received propofol infusion, 100–200 μg/kg/min. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous sodium thiopentone 5 mg/kg and intravenous atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. The serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and Tbil were analyzed and compared in both groups' preinduction, immediately postoperatively, and 24 h postoperatively. Results: The demographic profile and baseline values of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and Tbil) were comparable in both groups. Duration of anesthesia was longer in the isoflurane group (P = 0.001). Propofol caused a reduction in ALP (P = 0.005) but an increase in Tbil (P = 0.010) by the end of the study period. Isoflurane had nonsignificant changes within the group. ALT, ALP, and Tbil were comparable between groups throughout the study. Only the mean AST values in the isofurane group was significantly higher at 24-h postoperatively (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Isoflurane and propofol had varying effect on liver enzymes, but the observed differences were comparable between groups. Both agents can be used safely in patients with no proven liver disease.
Keywords: General anesthesia, isoflurane, liver enzymes, propofol
| What ado about QT-prolongation and QT-prolonging antimicrobials among admitted heart failure patients: Some observations and lessons | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/CVD/063 | | |
J. N. Ajuluchukwu, E. N. Anyika1, N. J. Ezeoku1, A. O. Ajayi1, O. J. Faboyinde2
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, CMUL, 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Lagos, 2Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: O. J. Faboyinde
Background: Infections commonly precipitate heart failure (HF) admissions, thereby requiring treatment. Certain antimicrobials agents (AMAs) and antipsychotic and oncology agents cause ECG-QT prolongation - a dire risk for torsades-de-pointes (TdP) ventricular tachycardia. Limited data exist on pretreatment TdP risk factor profile of Nigerian HF patients. Addressing this gap with home-grown data may improve Nigerian clinician's QTc interval and TdP awareness. Aim: To determine the frequency of individual TdP risk factors and QTc-prolonging AMAs among HF patients. Methods: This descriptive retrospective review reports on selected pretreatment TdP parameters of 105 HF patients admitted in 2018–2019 (Group 1). Data (demography, infections, admission-ECG, prescribed AMAs) were extracted from case notes, fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prospective ECG-QTc evaluation used ≥450 msonds as prolonged. Categorical data were summarized and compared to a similar 2011 cohort (Group 2, N = 150), using Chi-square analyses. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: TdP risk profile of Group 1 included: advanced age (30.5%), females (47.6%), hypokalemia (32.4%), and prolonged QTc (59.1%). Leading infections were respiratory (60.9%) and urinary tract (14.3%). QTc-prolonging AMAs were prescribed for 20 patients (19.2%); consisting of fluoroquinolones (n = 15) and macrolides (n = 5). There were comparable TdP risk factors and QTc-prolonging AMAs in Group 1 and Group 2 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Antimicrobial-receiving HF patients demonstrated substantial pretreatment frequency of prolonged QTc interval and other TdP risks. Nevertheless, one-of-five patients (~20%) received QT-prolonging AMAs. Awareness of such degree of inherent and persistent TdP risks may guide clinicians' future choices and therapeutic considerations of drug selection or combinations.
Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, ECG QT-interval prolongation, heart failure, risk factors, torsade-de-pointes
| The efficacy of combined core stabilization exercises and electrical stimulation in the management of patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/064 | | |
Aiyegbusi Ayoola, Fapojuwo Oluseun, Adebisi Oluwadamilola
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adebisi Oluwadamilola
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/10/19/628
Background: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a global clinical challenge. Core stabilization exercises have been recommended by clinical practice guidelines as being effective for the management of NSCLBP, while electrical stimulation is not inclusive, though studies have reported it to be beneficial. This study therefore investigated the efficacy of a combination of core stabilization exercise and electrical muscle stimulation on pain, muscle mass, visceral fat, functional disability, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with NSCLBP. Methods: Twenty-five individuals with NSCLBP were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 had core stabilization exercises and electrical muscle stimulation, Group 2 had core stabilization exercises only, and Group 3 received electrical muscle stimulation only. The pain intensity, muscle mass, visceral fat, anxiety and depression, functional disability, and quality of life scores were assessed at baseline, 2nd week, and 4th week (postintervention). Analysis of variance was used to compare the outcome variables across the three groups. Results: The combined core stabilization exercises and electrical stimulation group had significant (P < 0.05) improvements in all clinical outcome parameters of pain, muscle mass, visceral fat, functional disability, anxiety and depression, and quality of life postintervention compared with the other groups. Conclusion: The combination of core stabilization exercises and electrical muscle stimulation resulted in significant improvements in all outcome variables investigated.
Keywords: Core stabilization exercises, electrical muscle stimulation, low back pain
| Morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/065 | | |
Akin Abayomi, Akin Osibogun, Oluchi Kanma-Okafor, Jide Idris, Abimbola Bowale, Ololade Wright, Bisola Adebayo, Segun Ogboye, Remi Adeseun, Ismael Abdus-Salam, Bamidele Mutiu, Babatunde Saka, Dayo Lajide, Sam Yenyi, Rotimi Agbolagorite, Oluwatosin Onasanya, Eniola Erinosho, Joshua Obasanya, Olu Adejumo, Sunday Adesola, Yewande Oshodi, Iorhene Akase, Shina Ogunbiyi, Adenike Omosun, Femi Erinoso, Hussein Abdur-Razzaq, O. S. A. Nike, Kingsley Akinroye
Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluchi Kanma-Okafor
Ethical clearance number: LREC/06/10/1345
Background: COVID-19 has shown epidemiological and clinical characteristics but not yet well described among Africans. This study aimed to assess morbidity and mortality outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among 2075 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients admitted at the isolation centers in Lagos between February and July 2020. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were extracted from the electronic medical records. The Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression were performed. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of hypertension diabetes and asthma was 17.8%, 7.2%, and 2.0%, respectively, with an overall mortality of 4.2%, and 13.7% mortality among the hypertensives. Severe symptoms and mortality were significantly higher among the hypertensives and survival rates were significantly lowered by the presence of additional comorbidity (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders (age and sex), severity and death were higher for hypertensives (severe/critical illness: HR = 2.41, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.4–4.0, death: HR = 2.30, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.2–4.6, for those with hypertension only; severe/critical illness: HR = 3.76, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.1–6.4, death: Crude HR = 6.63, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 3.4–1.6, for those with additional comorbidities). Hypertension posed an increased risk of severe morbidity (approximately 4-fold) and death (approximately 7-fold) from COVID-19 in the presence of multiple comorbidities. Conclusion: The potential morbidity and mortality risks of hypertension, especially with other comorbidities in COVID-19, could help direct efforts toward prevention and prognostication. This provides the rationale for improving preventive caution and prioritizing hypertensives with other comorbidities for future antiviral interventions.
Keywords: Covid-19, hyperetension, morbidity, mortality, outcomes
| Comparison of intubating conditions following two different doses of rocuronium with suxamethonium during rapid sequence induction | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/066 | | |
G. K. Asiyanbi, J. O. Olatosi, O. O. Adekola, P. O. Agbamu1, I. Desalu
Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria and 1Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: G. K. Asiyanbi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/1702
Background: Suxamethonium is the ideal muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction (RSI). Undesirable side effects such as hyperkalemia, increased intraocular and intracranial pressure, cardiac dysrhythmias, and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients may preclude its use. Rocuronium, an alternative to suxamethonium, does not have these side effects, but the onset time is dose dependent. This study compared the intubating conditions, onset time, and side effects of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg, rocuronium 1.0 mg/kg, and suxamethonium 1.0 mg/kg during RSI. Methods: Seventy-five ASA I and II patients, aged 18–64 years, were randomly allocated into Group R 0.6 (n = 25) that received 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium, Group R 1.0 (n = 25) that received 1.0 mg/kg rocuronium, and Group S 1.0 (n = 25) that received 1.0 mg/kg suxamethonium. Induction of anesthesia was with 2.5 mg/kg propofol. Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed 60 s after administration of study drugs. Onset time, intubating conditions, and side effects were assessed. Results: R 0.6 had the longest mean onset time of 150.33 ± 6.42 s, followed by R 1.0 with 66.96 ± 3.33 s, and S 1.0 with 49.40 ± 4.17 s (P < 0.05). All patients in Group R 1.0 (92% excellent, 8% good) and S 1.0 (96% excellent, 4% good) had clinically acceptable intubating conditions compared to 96% in Group R 0.6 (4% excellent, 92% good) (P = 0.01). No incidence of anaphylaxis was found in the study groups. Postoperative myalgia occurred only in 4% of patients in Group S 1.0. Conclusion: Rocuronium 1 mg/kg can serve as a suitable alternative to suxamethonium for RSI.
Keywords: Rapid sequence induction, rocuronium, suxamethonium
| Outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A comparison of two cases | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/067 | | |
Nmadu Abraham Danladi
Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Nmadu Abraham Danladi
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-documented complication of COVID-19. We report here two cases of COVID-19 complicated by AKI with different renal outcomes. Case 1: A 63-year-old male with hypertension for 12 years presented with severe COVID-19. E/U/Cr and FBC (Electrolyte, Urea and Creatinine and Full Blood Count) 3 months prior were normal. Investigations on admission revealed severe renal impairment (urinalysis pH 6.5; SG - 1.025; protein trace blood trace glucose 1+; urea - 40 mmol/l; serum Cr [Scr] - 1314 umol/l). He received ivermectin, dexamethasone, zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, and heparin. He commenced hemodialysis 4 days after admission on account of urea of 40 mmol/l and Scr of 1314. He had a total of 4 sessions on admission. He was discharged after 3 weeks. Renal impairment persisted and he remains on maintenance hemodialysis. Case 2: A 41-year-old male with hypertension for 4 years presented with severe COVID-19. Investigations revealed severe renal impairment (urinalysis pH 7; SG 1.020; protein 2+ blood 1+ glucose 1+ ketones 2+; EUCr-urea - 24; Scr - 817). He received ivermectin, dexamethasone, zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, and heparin. He was commenced on hemodialysis 6 days after admission on account of uremia. He had a total of three sessions of hemodialysis on admission. He was discharged to the general ward after 3 weeks. Renal impairment improved markedly after 11 sessions, and he no longer needs dialysis. Conclusion: Both patients presented with COVID-19 of similar severity complicated by AKI. They received similar management. Renal outcomes differed markedly between the two, suggesting a need to identify factors associated with poor renal outcomes.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, COVID-19, hemodialysis, renal impairment
| HIV-related knowledge attitude and willingness to screen among adolescents in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/068 | | |
Ayorinde Adedayo Adewunmi, Kanma-Okafor Oluchi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ayorinde Adedayo Adewunmi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/568
Background: Adolescents represent a group of persons classified as high-risk individuals, given that they make up a significant proportion of the HIV burden globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim: This study assessed HIV-related knowledge, attitude, and willingness to screen among adolescents in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 adolescents selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Data were subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 14.9 ± 1.5 years, mostly males (72.7%), Christians (72.1%), mostly Igbos (78.6%), mostly in senior secondary school (75.0%), and mostly had good knowledge of HIV (71.0%). The media (34.9%) and health practitioners (38.3%) were major means of HIV counseling and testing (HCT) awareness; 56.0% were unaware of where HCT services are offered. The majority (34.5%) were worried about being seen while receiving HCT, while 17.6% considered HCT intrusive of one's privacy. Good knowledge (P = 0.004) and a higher level of education (P = 0.040) were associated with a willingness to undergo HIV screening. Conclusion: Overall, awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding HIV and HCT were optimal, especially among the more senior in-school adolescents, however, ensuring that more adolescents attend school and an introduction of HIV and sexuality education earlier in the secondary school curriculum might prove helpful.
Keywords: Attitude, HIV-related, knowledge, screening, willingness
| A comparison of the safety profile of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway with endotracheal tube during laparoscopic surgeries | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/069 | | |
O. I. Alabi, A. O. Durodola1, G. K. O. Asiyanbi, P. O. Agbamu, Oio Dada, O. T. Kushimo,
Department of Anaesthesia, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba and 1Department of Anaesthesia, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: O. I. Alabi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2564
Background: Laparoscopic surgeries have many advantages such as small incisions, improved perioperative morbidity, and short hospital stay. The pneumoperitoneum generated increases intra-abdominal and thoracic pressures and the risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Endotracheal intubation commonly employed during laparoscopic surgeries can result in laryngopressor response and airway trauma. The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) allows ventilation when high pressure is required. It has a drain tube which reduces the risk of gastric aspiration. This study compared the safety and adequacy of the tracheal tube and PLMA as airway devices during laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: Eighty-eight adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopy were randomly allocated into Group P (airway device PLMA with inserted introducer) and Group E (airway device endotracheal tube (ETT) inserted after laryngoscopy). Airway device was inserted after induction of anesthesia and muscle paralysis. Adequacy of ventilation, hemodynamics changes, insertion characteristics, gastric distension, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: The mean insertion time was significantly longer in the PLMA group (P < 0.001) though the ease of insertion was comparable. Both devices caused a significant rise in Heart rate and Mean Arterial Pressure immediately postinsertion. The ETT maintained a significantly higher mean HR and MAP till 5 min postinsertion and at extubation. The mean SpO2, EtCO2, and Paw were comparable in both groups. ETT group had more sore throat (P = 0.031) and oropharyngeal trauma (P = 0.046), while PLMA had more gastric distension (P = 0.296). Conclusion: Both devices exhibited similar ventilatory characteristics. The PLMA is a safe alternative to ETT during laparoscopic surgeries.
Keywords: ETT, laparoscopy, ProSeal laryngeal mask airway
| Sickle cell disease prevention: Are we with preparing our young people? | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/070 | | |
Adetola O. Abolarinwa, Oluchi J. Kanma-Okafor, Ekanem E. Ekanem
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adetola O. Abolarinwa
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/547
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases. Genetic counseling ahead of the conception of an affected fetus remains the easiest method of prevention. This study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge, attitude, and prevalence of SCD among secondary school students in Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 300 secondary school students selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to test for associations between variables. The level of significance was predetermined at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15.2 (±1.3) years. All the respondents were aware of SCD, 62.0% had good knowledge, though less than half (45.0%) knew SCD to be a blood disorder, and about two-thirds (65.0%) knew that it was an inherited condition. About a fifth (23.7%) knew about prevention by genetic counseling. The majority (96.0%) had a positive attitude toward SCD. Over two-thirds (70.0%) were aware of their genotype. The prevalence of SCD was 1.9%, while 19.5% were carriers of the sickle cell trait. Genotype awareness was not significantly associated with knowledge (P = 0.364) and attitude (P = 0.757). Conclusion: The prevention of SCD was not known to the majority even though they are at the point in life just preceding the decision to bear children. Routine screening and counseling may potentially aid the control of SCD.
Keywords: Prevention, sicle Cell Disease, preparing, young people
| Nephrectomies in adults: Experience at a Nigerian tertiary hospital | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/SST/073 | | |
Rufus W. Ojewola, Moses A. Ogunjimi, Adedotun Adesiyakan1, Kehinde H. Tijani, Emmanuel A. Jeje
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 1Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adedotun Adesiyakan
Introduction: Nephrectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations on the kidney. It is necessary for treatment of malignant as well as some benign renal conditions. Methods: This is a five-year retrospective review of all patients who had open nephrectomy in our tertiary healthcare centre between January 2014 and December 2019. The cases were traced using clinic, ward and theatre records. The clinical and operative details of these patients were retrieved and analysed. Clinical information extracted included patients' demography, clinical presentations, diagnosis, procedures performed, complications and the immediate treatment outcome. Data were analysed using SPSS for Mac Version 25.0. Results were displayed in simple proportions using tables and charts. Results: A total of 87 patients' records were available for review. Age range was 15–76years with a mean and median age of 49.415 and 52 years respectively. Majority, 73(83.9%) of the patients presented with at least one symptom, whereas 14(17.7%) were asymptomatic. Loin pain was the commonest presentation in 72(82.8%). Indication for nephrectomy were benign in 28(32.2%) and malignant in 59(67.8%) patients. Overall, renal cell carcinoma was the most common indication for nephrectomy accounting for 59.8% of all nephrectomies. A total of thirty-one morbidities occurred in sixteen patients with a complication rate of 18.4% while transfusion rate was 40.2%. Reoperation and mortality rates were 2.3 and 3.4% respectively. Conclusion: Malignant renal tumors are predominant indications for nephrectomy in our institution. Though associated with a high transfusion rate, open nephrectomy remains a safe procedure with a good short-term outcome.
Keywords: Benign, malignancy, nephrectomy
| Assessment of the utility of a screening questionnaire for COVID-19 at the emergency triage of Lagos University Teaching Hospital | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/INM/076 | | |
Erere Otrofanowei, Iorhen E. Akase1,
Bolaji O. Olopade2, Patricia E. Akintan3, Uyiekpen E. Ima-Edomwonyi4, Osigwe P. Agabi5, Yeside O. Akinbolagbe3, Danladi A. Nmadu6, Gbemileke O. Akinbode7, Adefolarin Opawoye6, Aramide C. Olasope6, Adewale Ogundare6, Bukunmi A. Bolarinwa8, Elizabeth O. Otokiti8, Precious J. Enajeroh6, Moses Karami6, Christopher I. Esezobor3
Departments of Medicine and 3Paediatrics, College Of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 1Department of Medicine, Id Unit, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 2Department of Medicine, Edm Unit, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 4Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 5Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Departments of 6Medicine, 7Surgery and 8Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: I. O. Akase
Ethical clearance number: PASW Statistics version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA)
Introduction: COVID-19 RT-PCR primer became available in January 2020 but was limited in availability globally and locally, requiring prioritization. We sought to determine the utility of a 14-item, point-weighted clinical screening questionnaire adapted from the NCDC case definition in identifying patients more likely to have the disease. This was to aid prompt clinical decision-making. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 113 nonsurgical patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Patients were stratified based on screening scores into low (0–2), moderate (3–5), and high (6) pretest categories. Patients with low and high scores were admitted to the ED and the COVID-19 holding ward, respectively, while the moderate group had chest computed tomography scans to aid further decision-making, pending the outcome of their RT-PCR results. Results: The frequencies of low, moderate, and high pretest scores were 34 (30%), 43 (38.1%) and 36 (31.9%), respectively. Overall, 38.1% (43/113) were RT-PCR positive. RT-PCR was positive in 26.5% (9/34) with low screening scores, 55.8% (24/43) with moderate scores, and 27.8% (10/36) with high scores. The sensitivity and specificity of a high score of 6 were 23.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The screening tool showed some specificity in its initial design; however, a lower score of 2 or 3 of these current tools will increase the chances of identifying persons with COVID-19 for RT-PCR testing.
Keywords: COVID-19, diagnostic tool, emergency department, RT-PCR
| Dosimetric evaluation between VMAT and IMRT treatment techniques for high-risk prostate cancer, planned in three phases | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/RRT/077 | | |
Adeneye Samuel, John Awariado, Joseph Adedayo1, Omolola Salako1, Habeebu Mym1, Omojola Daniel2, Abdallah Kotkat2, Ibrahim Elhamamsi2
Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy and Radiodiagnosis, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 1Department of Radiotherapy, Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority–Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, 2Department of Radiology, Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Medical Physics Unit, Asaba, Nigeria
Presenter: Adeneye Samuel
Ethical clearance number: PASW Statistics version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA)
Background: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the conformity and homogeneity indices of VMAT and IMRT treatment techniques for prostate cancer planned in three phases. Methods: A retrospective study was done using 18 patients planned in three phases of different dose prescriptions, using VMAT and IMRT treatment techniques. From the dose–volume histogram (DVH) of each plan, parameters for the evaluation and the doses of the organs at risk were collected. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and dose to OAR were then calculated and recorded. Results: From our results, there was no statistically significant difference in the means of CI for all the phases (Ph 1, Ph 2, and Ph 3) between the IMRT (1.02 ± 0.01, 1.00 ± 0.0, 1.02 ± 0.05) and VMAT (1.02 ± 0.0, 1.01 ± 0.0, and 1.00 ± 0.0) (P values at P < 0.05, were 0.285, 0.316, and 0.413), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of the HI for all the phases (Ph 1, Ph 2, and Ph 3) of IMRT (1.07 ± 0.01, 1.04 ± 0.0, 1.05 ± 0.03) and VMAT (1.06 ± 0.01, 1.04 ± 0.0, and 1.03 ± 0.0) plans, (P values at P < 0.05 were 0.467, 0.834, and 0.318), respectively. A greater percentage reduction in dose to the OARs was recorded for VMAT. Conclusion: VMAT turned out to be superior to IMRT with a lower dose to the OARs for high-risk prostate cases planned in three phases.
Keywords: Dosimetry, evaluation, IMRT, techniques, VMAT
| Simultaneous integrated boost plan comparison between volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate, seminal vesicle, and lymph node irradiation; our experience in Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/RRT/078 | | |
Adeneye Samuel, Ariyo Inioluwa1, Joseph Adedayo1, Adedewe Nusirat1, Omolola Salako, Habeebu Mym1, Omojola Daniel2, Ibrahim Elhamamsi1, Abdallah Kotkat1, Williams Simisola1
Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy and Radio Diagnosis, College of Medicine, Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority–Lagos University Teaching Hospital, 1Department of Radiotherapy, Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority–Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, 2Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Unit, Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Presenter: Adeneye Samuel
Background: This study is aimed at evaluating the dosimetric differences between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) treatment plans for prostate cancer cases. Methods: Forty plans were generated for SIB-VMAT and SIB-IMRT on 20 patients. The SIB-VMAT plans consisted of four full arcs while seven co-planar beams were used for SIB-IMRT plans. 60 Gy/20 fraction (fx) was prescribed in total at 2.3 Gy/fx to PTV46, 2.5 Gy/fx to PTV50, and 3 Gy/fx to PTV60. Dosimetric parameters were extracted from the dose–volume histogram. Monitor unit and homogeneity, conformity, and gradient indices (HI, CI, GI) were compared for each volume. Wilcoxon signed-rank test with two tails was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant variation in HI and CI for PTV50 (P = 0.001, P = 0.018) and PTV 46 (P = 0.011, P = 0.007) for both plans; however, no significant difference was seen in HI and CI for PTV60 (P = 0.18, P = 0.08). The GI was better in SIB-VMAT with a lower value of 1.41 against 1.91 reported for SIB-IMRT. In terms of OAR, better sparing for bladder and right femoral head was seen in SIB-IMRT with lower doses than SIB-VMAT which spared the rectum and left femoral head more.
Keywords: Conformity index, gradient index, homogeneity index, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, prostate cancer, simultaneous integrated boost, volumetric modulated arc therapy
| COVID-19: Hand hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice among adults in Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/VEE/079 | | |
A. O. Akinkugbe, O. J. Kanma-Okafor1, B. Otike-Odibi2, E. Otrofanowei, C. C. Egwuonwu2
Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, College of Medicine, University Of Lagos, 1Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, 2Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt , Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Presenter: A. O. Akinkugbe
Background: The recommendation for regular hand washing and/or use of hand sanitizers to prevent the spread of germs and diseases continues to receive global attention. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the awareness of and need for hand hygiene are unprecedented. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among adults in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey among 502 adults (18 years and over) resident in Lagos State. Data were collected through a pretested, online questionnaire and analyzed using STATA 16 PASW Statistics version 16.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Level of significance was predetermined at P < 0.05. Results: Half of the respondents (50.4%) had poor knowledge of hand hygiene, while slightly more than half (57.6%) had a positive attitude toward hand hygiene. Further, 55.6% of the respondents had good hand hygiene practices. Positive attitudes were significantly associated with gender (P < 0.001) and marital status (P = 0.004) while good practice was significantly associated with age (P = 0.001) and marital status (P < 0.001). Knowledge was significantly associated with practice (<0.001) but not attitude; rather, positive attitudes significantly influenced practice (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study showed that the respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene were suboptimal, and interventions aimed at increasing hand-hygiene practices should be focused on education through adverts and tutorials on TV and social media, as well as making hand hygiene tools easily available.
Keywords: COVID-19, hand hygiene, knowledge, practices, Nigeria
| Poster Presentations | | |
| Utilization of antenatal care, delivery services, and satisfaction with care received by mothers attending child immunization clinics in Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/002 | | |
Esther O. Oluwole, Omoniyi F. Awoga
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Omoniyi F. Awoga
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/577
Background: Increased utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and delivery with skilled birth attendants in Nigeria will improve maternal mortality ratio both nationally and globally. This study assessed the utilization of ANC, child delivery services, and satisfaction with care received among women attending child immunization clinics at primary health centers (PHCs) in Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among mothers who brought their infants for immunization at PHCs in Amuwo-Odofin, who attended ANC in a hospital while pregnant and delivered at the same hospital. A total of 355 respondents were recruited for this study in two stages from five PHCs. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire which was adapted and modified from reviewed literatures. Results: Less than half of the respondents (47.9%) registered for ANC in the first trimester, and majority (58.0%) did not use government hospitals for ANC and delivery, only 15.5% used PHCs. The reasons given for choice of ANC and delivery center were the good-quality service offered, availability of skilled staff, clean environment, and good staff attitude. Majority of the respondents (98.3%) were satisfied with the overall care received in the health facilities used during ANC and delivery.
Conclusions: There is need for increased awareness on benefits and importance of ANC to improve early registration by mothers. Improved funding of government hospitals will also help improve public trust in these facilities and improve utilization.
Keywords: Antenatal care, health facility delivery, health service utilization, patient satisfaction, quality of care
| Knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers of children under-five toward household food security in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/003 | | |
Aderemi John Olatunde, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ezeudu Paschal Chikelum, Babalola Gbenga Jonathan, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Balogun Mobolanle Rasheedat, Adejimi Adebola
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Aderemi John Olatunde
Background: Food security exists when people at all times have physical, economic, and social access to adequate quantity, sufficient, and safe nutrition. Children under the ages of 5 suffer most of the consequences of inadequate dietary food intake, leading to poor cognitive development and vulnerability to diseases and infections. This study aimed to assess the level of food security and safety practices of mothers of under-five children in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 mothers of children under the age of 5 in Badagry Local Government Area, selected using multistage sampling. Data analysis was done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square test was used to test association between independent and dependent variables. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: About one-quarter (23.28%) of mothers were food insecure with hunger, and about a third were food insecure without hunger and food secure. Majority of mothers with good practice and good knowledge regarding food safety and preparation practices were either food insecure without hunger or food secure. There was statistically significant associations between knowledge level (P = 0.016), wealth quintiles (P = 0.00), and educational level and food security (P = 0.00). Conclusion: This study shows that socioeconomic status has a positive effect on food security. Participant's level of education was positively associated with food security, and majority of the participants with good practice and good knowledge of food safety and preparation are either food secure or food insecure but without hunger.
Keywords: Attitude, household food security, knowledge, mothers, practice
| Knowledge, management, and prevention of domestic accidents in mothers of children under five in a selected community, Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/004 | | |
Ajudua Sharon Chioma, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ogunlana Christiana Ireti, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Ladi-Akinyemi Temitope Wunmi, Onajole Adebayo Temitayo
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ajudua Sharon Chioma
Background: Injuries in young children are either intentional or unintentional; the latter is referred to as an accident. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, management, and prevention of domestic accidents among mothers of children under-5 in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 326 mothers of children under-5 years, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. It was analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7.2.3.0 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square test was used to test for association between dependent and independent variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most of the respondents (73%) had poor knowledge of domestic. Cuts/wounds (61.7%) were the most common kitchen accidents, while falls (60.1%, 84.6%, and 73.3%) were the most common type of accidents in the bedroom, bathroom, and immediate surroundings, respectively. The prevalence of domestic accidents within the last 6 months among children under-5 was 27.5%. Majority (62%) of the respondents treated at home alone and appropriately (68.1%). Only 9% of the mothers had good preventive practices for domestic accidents. A factor significantly associated with mother's preventive practices was level of knowledge of domestic accidents (P = 0.0004). There is no significant difference between sociodemographic and knowledge as well as preventive practices of/for domestic accidents. Conclusion: It is important to have increased awareness of home accidents and health education programs about safe housing conditions, medical aid managements, and preventive strategies to tackle these domestic accidents.
Keywords: Domestic accident, knowledge, management, prevention
| Assessment of household food security in Lagos State: Survey of a rural community | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/005 | | |
Babalola Gbenga Jonathan, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ezeudu Paschal Chikelum, Aderemi John Olatunde, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Ayankogbe Olayinka, Kanma-Okafor Oluchi Joanna
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Babalola Gbenga Jonathan
Background: Food insecurity currently impacts between 5% and 25% of the global population. This study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice and the level of household food security in a rural community of Lagos State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done in Badagry LGA among 343 households, using the 9-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Information was also collected on knowledge of safe food practices. Data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA) and presented as frequency and percentages. Associations between variables were tested using Chi-square at a significant level of 0.05. Households were classified as food secure, food insecure without hunger, and food insecure with hunger. Results: Only 60.64% of households were food secure, 24.50% were food insecure without hunger, and 15.27% were food insecure with hunger. Food secure households were statistically significantly associated with households where respondents have a minimum of secondary education (P = 0.001), wealth quintile level of average and above (P = 0.050), belong to the Yoruba ethnic group (P = 0.0001), and have a good knowledge of household food security (P = 0.0495). Conclusion: Despite good knowledge and attitude about household food security (88.56% and 97.96%, respectively), a significant number of the households were food insecure (39.36%). Strategies should be implemented by the government on the information and education on how to use the available food resources to get the required nutrients from food.
Keywords: Assessment, food security, household, survey
| Knowledge and practices of nutritional health status of children under-5 in Badagry Local Government Area | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/006 | | |
Ezeudu Paschal Chikelum, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Aderemi John Olatunde, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Babalola Gbenga Jonathan, Balogun Mobolanle Rasheedat, Adejimi Adebola
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ezeudu Paschal Chikelum
Ethical clearance number: Knowledge, practices, nutritional, health status, children
Background: The first 5 years of a child's life is important to shaping the child's future health, learning, and achievement in school and life. This study was done to determine the knowledge and practice of nutrition of mothers of children <5 years in Badagry Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 230 mothers of children <5 years in Badagry LGA selected by multistage sampling method. Information was obtained on the sociodemographic characteristics, feeding patterns, and anthropometric indices of index children. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA), respectively. Chi-square test was used to test association between independent and dependent variables. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was good knowledge (77.4%) but poor feeding practices (65.2%). Using mid upper-arm circumference, 12.2% of children were at risk of malnutrition, with 16.5% at the stage of acute malnutrition. The height-for-age showed that 2.2% of children were severely stunted, 11.3% were stunted, and 34.8% were at risk of being stunted. Weight-for-age showed 1.3% severely underweight, 8.8% underweight, and 46.1% at risk of being underweight. Conclusion: Most of the mothers had a good overall knowledge but poor practice of childhood nutrition. Maternal characteristics such as religion, ethnicity, and educational and wealth level were significantly associated with mother's knowledge of nutrition, and good knowledge was associated with good practice of nutrition.
Keywords: Children, knowledge, nutritional health status, practices
| Knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Mushin Local Government, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/007 | | |
Ogunlana Christiana Ireti, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ajudua Sharon Chioma, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Okafor Ifeoma Peace, Ogunnowo Babatunde Enitan
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ogunlana Christiana Ireti
Background: In Africa, less than a third of children between the ages of 6 and 23 months meet the criteria for minimum dietary diversity, and half meet the minimum criteria for meal frequency. Only less than 20% of the children receive adequate complementary feeding. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6–23 months of age in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 380 mothers with children aged 6–24 months of age in Mushin LGA, selected using a multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square was used to test for association between various variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most mothers had poor knowledge on the duration of breastfeeding (87.63%) but good knowledge of frequency of breastfeeding (64.21%). Majority had good knowledge of the age of introduction of complementary foods (69.41%), as well as consistency and quality of complementary foods (59.74%). More than half of the respondents breastfed their children exclusively for 6 months (56.32%). A little over half of them introduced complementary feeds at 6 months of age (57.02%). Overall, only 25.26% of the respondents had adequate complementary feeding practices. The minimum dietary diversity was good in 42.63% of them. Conclusion: There is still a need to reinforce nutrition education to mothers of young children.
Keywords: Attitude, complementary feeding, Knowledge, Practice, mothers
| Immunization status of children under five in Badagry Local Government Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/008 | | |
Toye Adetola Kehinde, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ogunlana Christiana Ireti, Ezeudu Paschal Chikelum, Aderemi John Olatunde, Babalola Gbenga Jonathan, Odugbemi Tinuola Omotomilayo, Sekoni Adekemi Oluyemisi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Toye Adetola Kehinde
Background: Vaccine-preventable diseases contribute to child mortality in Africa as a result of limited vaccine introduction and low immunization coverage. Only 31% of Nigerian children have received all basic vaccines. This study aimed to determine the immunization status of children under-five and knowledge of mothers and factors affecting the immunization status of these children in Badagry LGA, Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 mothers of children <5 years in Badagry LGA selected by multistage sampling. Information was obtained on the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and immunization practices of mothers, and immunization status of index children. Data entry and analysis were done using KoBoToolbox and Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA), respectively. The Chi-square test was used to test the association at a level of significance of P < 0.05. Results: All mothers interviewed were aware of childhood immunization, 78.57% of children were fully immunized in a timely manner, and 4 children had never been vaccinated. The majority (63.57%) of mothers had poor knowledge of childhood immunization. There was a statistically significant association between a child's immunization status and maternal age (P = 0.0072), mother's educational level (P = 0.0000), household income (P = 0.0292), number of siblings (P = 0.0001), the child's place of birth (P = 0.0000), antenatal care (P = 0.0000), and availability of vaccination card (P = 0.0000). Conclusion: Most of the mothers had poor overall knowledge of childhood immunization. Maternal characteristics such as age and educational level and those of her husband affected immunization status. Estimated household monthly income, as well as child characteristics, was also found to affect immunization status.
Keywords: Children, immunization, status, under five
| Knowledge and practice of prevention of malnutrition among mothers with children under five in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/009 | | |
Zakariyyah Hafsat Aramide, A. N. N. Roberts Alero, Ajudua Sharon Chioma, Ogunlana Christiana Ireti, Toye Adetola Kehinde, Ogunyemi Adedoyin, Abiola Abdul-Hakeem
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Zakariyyah Hafsat Aramide
Background: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), complementary feeding (CF), and dietary diversity among mothers with children under-five as well as factors affecting the practices on these children in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 237 mothers of children under the age of five in Mushin LGA selected by multistage sampling. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square test was used to test association between independent and dependent variables. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: All mothers interviewed breastfed their children although not all were aware of EBF. 92.41% were aware of EBF. A large percentage (83.12%) of interviewed mothers exclusively breastfed for 6 months, and 79.66% initiated CF at the appropriate time. 91.98% and 93.2% had an overall good practice of EBF and CF, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between mothers' practice of EBF and number of ANC visits (P = 0.0080) and number of siblings of index child (P = 0.0197). A statistically significant association was also recorded between a mothers' CF practice and highest educational level (P = 0.0000), place of birth of index child (P = 0.0155), and number of siblings (P = 0.0417). Conclusion: There was a very good practice rate of EBF and CF, which could have been as a result of the fact that most mothers had good knowledge.
Keywords: Knowledge, malnutrition, mothers, prevention, under five
| Mental health help-seeking behavior of youths in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/011 | | |
Esther O. Oluwole, Temitayo A. Anthony-Awi
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Temitayo A. Anthony-Awi
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/524
Background: Youths have the highest prevalence of mental illness of any age group; however, only about a quarter of youths seek help for mental health issues. Suicide is a major effect of untreated mental illness and a leading cause of death among youths. This study assessed the mental health help-seeking behavior of youths in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State and the factors associated with the behavior. Methods: A total of 400 youths aged 18–24 years were recruited for the study using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected with interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires adapted from standard tools. Level of significance (P) was set at < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 4.5%, and 24.3%, respectively. Over half (59.8%) and less than half of the respondents (39.3%) recognized the depression and anxiety vignettes, respectively. About half (48%) of respondents stated that they might want psychological counseling in future. Over a third of the respondents (69.3%) had good mental health literacy and 91% had good help-seeking behavior. There was a statistically significant relationship between age (P = 0.0200), level of education (P < 0.0001), employment status (P = 0.0073), and mental health literacy (P = 0.0027) and help-seeking behavior. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were prevalent, and majority of the respondents had good mental health literacy and help-seeking behavior. There is a need to integrate mental health literacy into secondary school curriculum and provide low-cost youth-friendly services.
Keywords: Help-seeking, Lagos, mental health literacy, Nigeria, prevalence, youths
| Knowledge, attitude, and willingness to screen younger infants for sickle cell disease among mothers attending immunization clinics in Somolu, Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/NCM/014 | | |
Esther O. Oluwole, Titilope A. Adeyemo1
Departments of Community Health and Primary Care and 1Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Esther O. Oluwole
Ethical clearance number: CMUL/HREC/03/19/503
Background: Over 300,000 babies are born worldwide with sickle cell disease (SCD) with majority of these births in Africa. Nigeria has the largest population of people with SCD and about 150,000 children born with the disease every year. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and willingness to screen younger infants for SCD among mothers attending immunization clinic in Somolu Local Government Area (LGA) Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at primary health care centers in Somolu LGA. Two hundred and ninety-one mother–infant pairs were consecutively recruited from August 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected with a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Univariate and bivariate analysis were conducted with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9 ± 5.4 years. Most 212 (72.9%) were aware of SCD. Most 151 (71.2%) of the respondents who were aware of SCD had good knowledge and 148 (69.8%) had positive attitude toward people living with SCD and its prevention. Majority, 180 (84.9%), among those who were aware were willing to screen their infants for SCD. A statistically significant association was found between good knowledge and positive attitude toward SCD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a need for continuous education of mothers to increase the knowledge, attitude about SCD, and willingness to screen their infants. This is very important and necessary for the accomplishment of national early infant screening program for SCD.
Keywords: Awareness, knowledge, mother–infant pairs, sickle cell disease, willingness to screen
| Perception and use of traditional birth attendants among pregnant women in a rural local government area in Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/015 | | |
Esther O. Oluwole, Tolulope Oluwadumila
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Tolulope Oluwadumila
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/585
Background: Unskilled delivery, particularly the use of traditional birth attendants (TBAs), is a major threat to the reduction of maternal mortality in Africa. There is insufficient evidence on the major reasons why pregnant women in Nigeria continue to use TBAs, especially in the rural areas, despite the associated risks. This study, therefore, assessed the perception and use of TBAs by pregnant women in a rural LGA in Lagos state. Methods: Two-stage sampling technique was employed to recruit 347 pregnant women from 18 traditional birth homes in Ikorodu LGA. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from reviewed literature and were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7.2.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The level of significant association was determined using Chi-square test with level of significance set at 5% (<0.05). Results: An overwhelming majority of the respondents had an overall positive perception of TBAs (95.1%). The cited reasons for using TBAs were previous positive reviews (81.6%), welcoming and hospitable staff (77.2%), spiritual protection (75.2%), past use (68.6%), fear of cesarean section (61.1%), proximity to place of residence (54.8%), and cheap cost (45.2%). All the respondents received antenatal care from the TBA, while the majority of the respondents utilized TBAs only (70.3%). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had a positive perception of TBAs. This emphasizes the need for intensive efforts to regulate the practices of TBAs and the possible establishment of a sustainable collaboration between TBAs and the orthodox healthcare systems.
Keywords: Lagos, perception, pregnant women, traditional birth attendants, utilization
| Oil spillage along the pipeline right-of-way: Survey of health implications among residents in Abule-Egba, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/018 | | |
Ike-Otikpa Vera Odinakachukwu, Roberts Alero Ann, Abiola Abdul-Hakeem
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ike-Otikpa Vera Odinakachukwu
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/3040
Background: The economy of Nigeria depends on the sale of oil and gas products. Pipelines are used to transport crude oil. Due to the increasing population in Lagos State, people have developed plots of land along the pipeline right-of-way (ROW). This study aimed to determine the self-reported prevalence of disease symptoms suggestive of oil spill exposure, among residents of Abule Egba community. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with 249 adults living in Abule-Egba for at least 2 years. Data on self-reported disease symptoms, environmental exposure, and environmental worry were collected from participants using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Respondents' residential distance from pipeline was measured using a handheld GPS device (Garmin Dakota 20). Results: This study found evidence of disease symptoms suggestive of oil spill exposure although there was a low disease symptom burden. There was a high rate of environmental worry (61%) and majority of respondents (51%) showed high levels of worry. Statistically significant associations were found between disease symptoms (headache, memory loss, fatigue, joint pains, stomach discomfort, chest pain, cough, and skin rash) and different measures of oil spill exposure. Association between self-reported disease symptoms (joint pains and stomach discomfort) and environmental worry was also found to be statistically significant using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Conclusion: Measures to ensure that oil spill incidents do not occur or even if they do, their impact would not be adversely felt by residents should be put in place.
Keywords: Implications, oil spillage, pipeline, residents, survey
| Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme: Awareness, knowledge, and willingness to pay among artisans in Surulere Local Government Area | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/HCF/019 | | |
O. Oluwole Esther, T. Oke Oluwatosin
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluwole Esther O.
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/587
Background: Increased utilization of health insurance, especially among informal sector workers, will improve the achievement of universal health coverage. This study assessed awareness, knowledge, willingness to pay, and factors influencing willingness to pay for Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme among artisans in Surulere Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos state. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using multistage sampling technique was conducted among 400 artisans in Surulere LGA. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire which was adapted and modified from reviewed literatures and analyzed with Epi Info statistical software version 7.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Level of significance (P) was set at < 0.05. Results: Very few (17.0%) of the respondents were aware of the existence of the Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme. Among those who were the aware group, 66.0% had good knowledge. About half (54.5%) were willing to join the scheme. Among the reasons stated by respondents who were not willing to join the scheme included lack of trust in government programs and not having enough money. Conclusion: Awareness creation of health insurance scheme is very necessary to increase the consumer's willingness to pay for same. Hence, measures in creating more awareness through social media, association meetings, and continuous education of its benefits among the artisans.
Keywords: Artisans, awareness, health insurance, knowledge, Lagos, willingness-to-pay
| Health-seeking behavior and its determinants in pain management among residents of Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/023 | | |
Okoro Ebrubaoghene Dorcas, Roberts Alero Ann
Department of Community Health aand Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Okoro Ebrubaoghene Dorcas
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/319
Background: Pain is part of the human condition and use of the healthcare system, depending on social structures, level of education, status of women, environmental condition, health services and disease pattern, physical accessibility, and cultural and socio-demographic factors. This paper examines the health-seeking behavior, factors that influence it, and how it affects the quality of life of the people in Ojo Local Government Area. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 356 respondents of Ojo LGA on the causes of pain experienced by them, location, pattern, their health-seeking behavior and quality of life. Data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Results: Majority of the respondents were females (64.23%), with tertiary education (70%), single, Christian (70%), and used formal healthcare (25.07%). Only 28.9% of respondents had insurance. 92% of the respondents experienced pain in their head (45.35%), leg and knee (10.72%). 74.08% of the pains were mild. The prevalence of chronic pain was 41.41%. Among those using informal healthcare, 73.89% used mentholated balm and OTCs (66.5%). Conclusion: Health-seeking behavior was associated with low monthly income, unemployment, not covered by NHIS, and this contributed to lower quality of life.
Keywords: Behaviour, determinants, health-seeking, pain management
| Knowledge, preventive practices, and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among medical and dental students of University of Lagos, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/028 | | |
Victoria A. Bakare, Esther O. Oluwole1
Department of Medicine and Surgery and 1Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Victoria A. Bakare
Ethical clearance number: LUTHHREC/EREV/0520/21
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious public health menace that has caused colossal morbidity, mortality, and negative emotional responses globally. This study aimed to assess knowledge, preventive practices, and psychological impact of COVID-19 among medical and dental students of University of Lagos. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 597 medical and dental students of University of Lagos, selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected online with a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire, uploaded on Google, and analyzed with Epi Info statistical software version 7.2.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Frequency tables were generated and univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. P value was set at < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.0 ± 2.9 and more than half (56.6%) were females. Majority of respondents (91.0%) had good knowledge of COVID-19 and most (89.6%) had correct knowledge of preventive measures against the disease. Nearly two-thirds of respondents (60.8%) had good preventive practice toward COVID-19. Furthermore, less than half of respondents (44.7%) had experienced some degree of psychological impact during the pandemic. Male gender, lower level of study, low risk perception, and poor knowledge were factors that influenced respondents' preventive practices. Conclusion: Most respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19, but their level of preventive practice did not correspond with their knowledge. Further, the degree of psychological impact was relatively significant. There is a need for intensified continuous educational programs to improve preventive practices and provision of resources to promote psychological well-being among medical and dental students.
Keywords: COVID-19, factors, medical students, preventive practice, psychological impact
| Prevalence of depression and its health-seeking behaviors among medical students in Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/031 | | |
Adenuga Oluwafunmilayo Adepeju, Olufela Ezekiel1, Roberts Alero Ann1, Oluwole Esther, Salisu Zainab1, Akinde Olumide
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, 1Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adenuga Oluwafunmilayo Adepeju
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/0552
Background: Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and ranks third after cardiac and respiratory disease as a major cause of disability. Individuals suffering from major depression do not seek professional help. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its health-seeking behaviors among medical students in Lagos State. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study design among 400 medical students used PHQ-9 and the general help-seeking questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Results were represented as frequency tables. Association between variables was considered statistically significant if P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.43 (±2.67). Most were male (50.8%), Christians (78.4%), Yoruba (75.7%), single (98.6%), in 300 level (20.8%) and attended the University of Lagos (61.1%). The prevalence of depression among the respondents was (50.27%). The severity of depression ranged from mild depression (11.89%) to major depression (18.37%). Phone helpline (83.8) and other relatives/relative member (72.2%) were the most preferred options to seek help for emotional problems among the respondents. The most frequently visited source was the psychiatrist (38.71%) and counselor (38.71%). Factors associated with depression were being a student of the 300 Level class, attending LASUCOM, use of recreational drugs, physical and emotional abuse, regret studying medicine and academic performance while lack of time and long waiting hours were factors associated with their health-seeking behavior. Conclusion: It is recommended that institution-based mental healthcare for early identification and provision of accessible, affordable, and cost-effective treatment should be available.
Keywords: Depression, health-seeking behaviour, medical students, prevalence
| Knowledge, attitude, and perception of assisted reproductive technology among adults in Kosofe Local Government Area | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/032 | | |
Y. A. Johnson, C. C. Makwe1, O. A. Adesanya2
Departments of Medicine and Surgery, 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology and 2Dental Sciences, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Y. A. Johnson
Ethical clearance number: LAGOS
Background: Infertility is a devastating and painful experience, especially for women. At least 50 million couples worldwide experience this infertility. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes a number of methods of conception that are used to treat infertility. The success and availability of ARTs have brought hope to many couples who previously have been unable to conceive. Therefore, knowledge of adults about ART is a fundamental parameter to optimize the infertility treatment. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and perception of ART among adults in Kosofe local government area, Lagos state. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 375 residents of Kosofe Local government area, selected using a multi-stage probability sampling technique. Data wer collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square was used to test for association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result showed that majority (75.1%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of ART, 59.9% of the respondents had a negative attitude towards ART while 59.7% of the respondents had a good perception of ART. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of the residents at Kosofe local government were generally poor but their perception of ART was good. Efforts should be intensified by health authorities in the local government to raise awareness and knowledge of ART for the good of the society as a whole.
Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, attitude, infertility, knowledge, perception.
| Depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in Lagos State University, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/039 | | |
Adaeze P. Okpue, Temitope W. Ladi-Akinyemi1, Kofo A. Odeyemi1
Department of Medicine And Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 1Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Adaeze P. Okpue
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/510
Background: Depression is a common mental illness affecting majority of the world's population. Evidence has shown that undergraduates are at higher risk of developing depression than the general population. Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people and suicidal ideation, a predictor for completed suicides. This study aimed to assess depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in Lagos State University, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study among undergraduates in Lagos State University, Nigeria, using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 368 respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Epi Info statistical software version 7.2.3.1 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Among the respondents, 53.5% identified depression from the vignette. Prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation was 25.1% and 23.1%, respectively. The most useful help-seeking method among the respondents when depressed was praying (85%), while psychiatrist was the least endorsed (15.2%). Risk factors statistically significantly associated with depression were low self-esteem (P = 0.0000), frequency of intake of recreational drugs (P = 0.0071), alcohol dependence (P = 0.0097), and bullying (P = 0.0191). Furthermore, dissatisfaction with romantic status (P = 0.0052), breakup (P = 0.0466), and poor academic performance (P = 0.0201) were statistically significantly related with suicidal ideation. Conclusion: This study revealed an unsatisfactory knowledge of depression and high prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation. It is imperative for the government to increase awareness on symptoms and manifestations of depression, reduce burdens created by risk factors identified, and provide effective youth-friendly mental health services to reduce the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates.
Keywords: Depression, mental health, suicide, undergraduates
| Perceptions and help-seeking practices for mental health among senior secondary students of Odi Olowo, Local Community Development Area, Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/041 | | |
Oluwatomiiwo Emmanuel Salau, T. O. Odugbemi, A. A. Roberts, E. O. Oluwole
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oluwatomiiwo Emmanuel Salau
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/0527
Background: Mental health is important to adolescents and young adults. This study determined the perception and help-seeking practices of senior secondary students in Odi-Olowo, Lagos State, to mental health issues of depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 308 male and female senior secondary school students, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which examined perception of, and help-seeking practices regarding depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Chi-square was used to test association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15.25 ± 1.34 years. Most of the respondents were female (57.7%), Yoruba (78.7%), Christians (56.5%) and from the SSS1 class (58.0%). The most common source of information about depression was from the school (39.35%). Difficulty controlling feelings of worry (66.13%), was the most identifiable symptom of anxiety disorder by respondents. Majority of respondents were able to identify “persistently sad anxious or low moods” (72.90%) as a symptom of depression. The most helpful individual was the parents or guardians (70.32%), followed by the counselor (29.35%) and then the teacher (26.13%). Majority of the respondents (68%) had good knowledge about the features and symptoms depression and anxiety disorders, 92% had positive attitudes toward mental health issues. Conclusion: It is recommended that improving accessibility to information concerning mental health using social media will enable students identify and recognize their symptoms better and seek help faster.
Keywords: Perceptions, help-seeking, practices, mental health, secondary students
| Cervical cancer knowledge, attitude, and screening practices of women in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/OCG/042 | | |
Sabiat Olabisi Tiamiyu, Ifeoma Okafor,
Oluchi Joan Kanma-Okafor
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Sabiat Olabisi Tiamiyu
Background: According to Cervical Cancer Global Crisis Card, Nigeria ranks fifth among countries with regard to death count from cervical cancer. The risk of developing invasive cervical cancer is nearly 3–10 times greater in women who do not undergo screening. This study aims to assess cervical cancer knowledge, attitude, and screening practices of women in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among women in Mushin LGA. Multistage sampling method was used to select 275 respondents. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The level of significance was at P < 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.77 ± 9.58. Majority (50.91%) had secondary school as their highest level of education and 50.91% were married. 42.55% were aware of cervical cancer. 85% of those who were aware had overall poor knowledge about cervical cancer. 64% showed negative attitude toward cervical cancer screening. Only 8.72% had screened for cervical cancer. There was a statistically significant association between the age of respondents and knowledge of cervical cancer (P = 0.022). Respondents aged between 21 and 30 years were more knowledgeable about cervical cancer. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents were not aware of cervical cancer. Majority had poor knowledge of cervical cancer. Majority had negative attitude toward cervical cancer screening and had not screened for cervical cancer. Health education programs and free screening services should be organized to improve knowledge and increase screening practices.
KEYWORDS: Attitude, cervical cancer, knowledge, practice, screening
| Barriers to childhood immunization compliance among mothers in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/048 | | |
Ibukunoluwa Oluwatoyin Obagade, Kofoworola Abimbola Odeyemi, Oluchi Joan Kanma-Okafor
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Ibukunoluwa Oluwatoyin Obagade
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/501
Background: Immunization is well-demonstrated for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases. One-third of deaths among under-fives are avertible by vaccines, yet every 20 s, a child dies from a vaccine-preventable disease. Systemic, community, and individual factors disrupt equitable utilization of childhood immunization in Nigeria. Aim: To assess the barriers to childhood immunization compliance among mothers in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 mothers selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to test associations at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: All the respondents were aware of immunization, 38.7% had an overall good practice, 13% were completely and timely immunized for age, no index child of any respondent was never vaccinated, albeit incompletely. The barriers to immunization compliance included the cost of receiving immunization (23%), poor attitude of healthcare workers (25%), and long waiting time at clinics (37%). Despite existing barriers, the place of childbirth (P = 0.002), age (P = 0.007), educational status (P < 0.001), and occupation (P < 0.001) of the mothers were significantly associated with achieving full immunization. Conclusion: Despite the awareness of all mothers, the compliance rate was abysmally low. It is therefore essential for immunization to be cheaply accessible to mothers and issues relating to clinic locations, waiting times, poor attitude of healthcare workers and vaccine availability, be eliminated to improve vaccine uptake.
Keywords: Barriers, childhood immunization, compliance, mothers, Mushin
| Gender proportionality in the social consequences of infertility among married women in Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCH/051 | | |
Kristin Emeh Mfon, Kofoworola Abimbola Odeyemi, Oluchi Joan Kanma-Okafor, Esther Eno Mfon, Michael Ima Mfon
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Kristin Emeh Mfon
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/542
Background: Infertility is an issue of combined medical and social importance which is associated with societal pressure, stigma, and criticism that is mostly borne by women. In Nigeria, 10%–30% of couples are affected by infertility, and in the majority of cases, women are blamed more than men. To assess the gender proportionality in the social consequences of infertility among married women in Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 300 married women, selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The Chi-square test was used to determine associations between variables at a level of significance of P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.8 ± 9.4 years. About half (55.7%) of respondents had good knowledge, 91.3% had positive attitudes toward infertility, 48% believed that compared to men, a woman's life is meaningless without children, 32% believed that a woman would experience domestic violence if she was unable to bear a child. While 43.3% had experienced infertility, 55.4% of them had experienced some of the associated burdens; emotional abuse (62.5%), physical abuse (51.3%) or threats of divorce (40.8%), sparing their husbands. Having tertiary education was associated with a better attitude towards infertility (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Overall knowledge was good and attitudes were positive toward infertility, though the expectation of ill-treatment and violence were high. Couple counseling and improving awareness about the causes of infertility are highly recommended.
Keywords: Attitude, burden, infertility, knowledge, women
| Knowledge, Perception, and Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among nonmedical students in a tertiary institution in Lagos State, Nigeria. | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/059 | | |
Akinsunmade Opeyemi, A. O Ogunyemi1, T. O. Odugbemi, A. W Olusanya2
Department of Medicine and Surgery, 1Community Health and Primary Care and 2Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Akinsunmade Opeyemi
Background: COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world, causing thousands of deaths in different countries. Fortunately, the production of COVID-19 vaccines has brought some tranquil and Nigeria is not left behind. The Government is currently administering COVID-19 vaccine freely to everyone including university students. This study aims to assess the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among nonmedical students. To determine knowledge, perception, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among nonmedical tertiary institution students in Lagos. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 170 students in University of Lagos using a multistaged sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, knowledge, perception, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 170 questionnaires were retrieved and data analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age was 20.6 ± 2.17 years, male-to-female ratio of 1:2. Majority of the respondents had a good knowledge of COVID-19 (95.89%), only 39 (22.94%) knew AstraZeneca is the vaccine currently in use in Nigeria, (52.94%) had a neutral perception to the usefulness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of coronavirus infection. Only 16 (154 (9.41%) had taken the vaccine and 120 (78.75%) do not plan to take it.
Conclusion: The rate of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is low among nonmedical students in the tertiary institution. It is recommended that students are educated about the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine, and it be included in their training curriculum.
Keywords: Acceptance, perception, students, vaccine
| Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer prevention and screening among primary healthcare workers in three selected LGAs in Lagos State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/OCG/071 | | |
Omotayo Oluwafisayo
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Omotayo Oluwafisayo
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DSCT/HREC/APP/532
Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer of the female genital tract and the main cause of cancer death among women in areas with no available screening. Primary healthcare centers have a high patient load and are in direct contact with the grass root. This provides opportunities for the primary prevention of cervical cancer by health education on cervical cancer and cervical cancer prevention services. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer prevention and its screening among primary healthcare workers in Surulere, Oshodi-Isolo, and Mushin Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, and the factors associated with them. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 209 respondents recruited using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered pretested questionnaires. Results were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The Chi-square test was used to test association with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The majority (81%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of cervical cancer, while 69% had good knowledge of cervical cancer screening. However, 25% had a good practice of cervical cancer screening. There was a statistically significant association between occupation, qualification level, duration of practice, and cervical cancer screening practice. Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening helps in detecting and addressing precancerous lesions. The practice of cervical cancer screening is poor among health care workers in these LGAs. Therefore, there is need for continuous education and training to narrow the gap between knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening.
Keywords: Attitude, cervical cancer, knowledge, practice, prevention
| Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antimicrobial prescription among doctors in the outpatient departments of LUTH, Idi Araba, Lagos | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/IFD/072 | | |
Raheem Bisola Rodiat, B. A. Akodu
Department of Family Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos
Presenter: Raheem Bisola Rodiat
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/465
Background: Antimicrobial prescription becomes inappropriate when there is overprescribing, inappropriate dosage or route of administration, and patients not completing their treatments. In the outpatient settings, irrational prescription of antibiotics is more evident and has led to the development of resistance, adverse reactions, and increased healthcare cost. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antimicrobial prescription among doctors in the outpatient departments of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Idi-Araba, Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among doctors in the outpatient departments of LUTH using a consecutive sampling method. 300 questionnaires were rolled out and 259 were properly and completely filled giving a response rate of 86.3%. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire adapted from previous studies with a Chronbach alpha of 0.64. Data entry and analysis wer done using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). Level of significance was at P < 0.05. Results: Majority had an overall good knowledge of antibiotics (98.8%). About 60.6% were confident of their knowledge of antibiotics, and 95.4% had good attitude towards prescribing. About 62.9% requested for a laboratory test before prescribing. Only 44.4% prescribed based on guidelines and 56.8% had received trainings on antibiotics prescription. About 63.7% had good prescribing practices, and 36.3% had poor prescribing practices. There is a significant association between the years of work experience and knowledge of prescribing antibiotics (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is therefore recommended that antimicrobial stewardship program should be introduced and antibiotic surveillance should be improved, among others.
Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practice, antimicrobial, prescription, doctors
| Self-rated health and health-seeking behavior among elderly residents of Pakoto Community Ogun State | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MCS/074 | | |
Omotayo Oluwatosin Omotola, B. A. Akodu
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Omotayo Oluwatosin Omotola
Ethical clearance number: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/467
Background: Old age is associated with diseases and disabilities of various forms. The severity of the disease is influenced by health-seeking behavior. Poor health-seeking behavior gives rise to worse health outcomes, higher morbidity and mortality, and poorer health statistics. This study assessed the self-rated health and health-seeking behavior among elderly residents of Pakoto Community, Ogun state. Methods: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 252 respondents using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer administered pretested questionnaires. Results were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software version 7 CDC 1600 (Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333 USA). The Chi-square test was used to test association with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Majority (86.6%) of the respondents sought healthcare when ill. The preferred place for seeking healthcare for majority (83.3%) was the hospital and the preferred healthcare provider for 83.3% was the doctor. Majority (63.6%) of respondents had good self-rated health. There is statistically significant association between self-rated health and occupation, family structure, and distance of the nearest health facility. There is a statistically significant association between self-rated health and health-seeking behavior. There is statistically significant association between health-seeking behavior and age, occupation, family structure, awareness of health facility, and distance of nearest health facilities. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had good self-rated health. The major factor that determined health-seeking behavior was long waiting time. Steps should be taken to reduce the long waiting time in health facilities.
Keywords: Elderly, health-seeking behavior, self-rated health.
| Psychological distress and social support among home care patients diagnosed with COVID-19 | | |
| Abstract number: ABS/MNL/075 | | |
Y. Oshodi, J. Kajero, C. Umeh, B. Fadipe,
A. Abiodun, C. Fashanu, M. Sokunbi, K. Ogunsola I. Owolabi. O. Quadri, S. Raji,
A. Adeeko, T. Ajomale, O. Campbell, S. Atiri
Department of Pyschiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Presenter: Oshodi Y. Kajero
Background: Previous research highlights the psychosocial impact of infectious diseases such as Ebola and Lassa fever on patients. However, little is known about that of COVID-19 on patients especially among those who have to isolate at home after testing positive. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship to perceived social support reported by persons diagnosed with COVID-19 on home care in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: We conducted an online survey between June and October 2020 using a consecutive sampling technique of persons positive for COVID but managed by isolating at home in Lagos. The survey collected information on demographics and clinical data. Psychological distress and social support were assessed using the General Health Questionnaires (GHQ12) and Oslo Social Support Scale, respectively. Informed consent was obtained from all the respondents, and we performed analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: There were 96 participants whose mean age was 39 with a higher proportion being males. Psychological distress was reported by 32 (33.3%) with 11 (11.5%) of the participants reported poor perceived social support and 7 (7.3%) of the respondents reported suicidal ideation. The variables that showed association with psychological distress were satisfaction with quality of sleep (χ2 = 4.492, P ≤ 0.001) and presence of COVID-19 symptoms (χ2 = 16.99, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed a high burden of psychological distress among people treated for COVID-19 on home care basis and attendant inadequate perceived social support considering the disease a new pandemic with vague causes.
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